Aerolinee Itavia Flight 870

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Aerolinee Itavia Flight 870

Recovered parts of Itavia Flight 870's fuselage, reconstructed on scaffolding at Pratica di Mare Air Force Base
Summary
Date  June 27, 1980
Type  unknown in-flight explosion
Site  Tyrrhenian Sea near Ustica, Italy
Fatalities  81
Injuries  0
Aircraft
 Aircraft type  McDonnell Douglas DC-9-15
Operator  Aerolinee Itavia
Tail number  I-TIGI
Passengers  77
Crew  4
Survivors  0

Aerolinee Itavia Flight 870, also known in the Italian media as ("Disastro di Ustica") the Ustica Disaster, was an Italian flight that suffered an in-flight explosion while in route from Bologna, Italy to Palermo, Italy. It was a regularly scheduled flight from Guglielmo Marconi Airport in Bologna, Italy to Palermo International Airport in Palermo, Italy. The flight departed 2 hours late at 8.08 pm CET on June 27, 1980. At the controls of the McDonnell Douglas DC-9-15 that evening were Captain Domenico Gatti and First Officer Enzo Fontana.

The aircraft (registered I-TIGI), which left Guglielmo Marconi Airport bound for Palermo International Airport, crashed at 8.59 pm CET into the Tyrrhenian Sea near the island of Ustica, Italy about 80 miles (130 km) southwest of Naples, Italy. All 81 people on board were killed (2 flight crew members, 2 flight attendants, and 77 passengers).

Two Italian Air Force F-104s were scrambled at 9.00 pm CET from Grosseto Air Force Base to locate the accident area and to spot any survivors but they failed due to lack of visibility. In July 2006 the re-assembled fragments of the DC-9 aircraft were returned to Bologna from Pratica di Mare Air Force Base near Rome.

Contents

[edit] Official explanation

This article documents a current event.
Information may change rapidly as the event progresses.

After years of investigations, no official explanation or final report have been provided by the Italian government.

On January 10, 2007, the Cassazione Court of Italy conclusively closed the case, fully acquitting two Italian Air Force former Generals, Lamberto Bartolucci and Franco Ferri, of any wrong doing, confirming the result of the two preceding judicial steps ('primo grado' and 'appello').

[edit] Alternative theories

Speculation at the time and in the years since has been fueled in part by media reports, military officials statements, and ATC recordings, including radar images and trails of debris; particularly, trails of objects moving at high speeds.

[edit] A terrorist bomb

After the series of bombings which hit Italy in the 70's, a terrorist act was quite naturally the first to be proposed. It must be considered that the flight was delayed outbound from Bologna by almost three hours, so apparently the timer would have been set to actually cause an explosion at Palermo airport, or on a further flight of the same plane. Recent evidence and reports are collected e.g. in a series of documents and movies at this and this site (in Italian). Of special interest this and this report (in English).

[edit] Missile strike during training exercise

This involves NATO forces accidentally downing the DC-9 during an international exercise involving Italian, U.S., and French jet fighters.

[edit] Missile strike during military operation

Major sources in the Italian media have alleged over the years that the aircraft was shot down during a dog fight involving Libyan, U.S., French and Italian Air Force fighters in an attempted assassination by NATO members on Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi who was flying in the same airspace that evening. Qaddafi has denied being in the area of the accident that evening.

The media also reported that radar monitoring released in 1997 by NATO showed that at least seven fighter aircraft were in the vicinity when the jet plunged into the sea off the island of Ustica. According to these sources, the radar shows one or two Libyan MiG-23 had tried to evade detection by flying close to the airliner. Three Italian Air Force F-104s, one U.S. Navy A-7 Corsair II and a French fighter pursued the Libyan MiG-23 and a battle ensued.

On July 19, 1980, 22 days after the crash, a Libyan MiG-23 crashed on the Sila Mountains in Calabria, Italy, according to eye witnesses and official reports. Media rumors reported that the plane may actually only have been discovered at that time, and that the pilot's body was decomposed, originated allegations that the MiG may have been shot down at the time of the Flight 870 incident.

[edit] ATC transcription

  • 20:00 local F/O Itavia 870, ready for start-up.[Flight IH870 is running about two hours late due to small technical problems and heavy weather that has disrupted normal air traffic over Italy that day]
  • TWR 870, cleared to start. When ready, cleared also for taxi.
  • F/O Roger.
  • 20:05 TWR 870, clearance.
  • F/O Go ahead.
  • TWR Itavia 870 is cleared to Palermo via Firenze, Amber 14; climb and maintain flight level one-niner-zero. Read back and call when ready for take-off.
  • F/O 870 is cleared to Palermo, via Firenze, Amber 14, level 190. We'll call you ready.
  • 20:07 F/O 870 is ready for take off.
  • TWR 870, cleared for take-off.
  • 20:08 TWR 870, airborne at 08, call Padova center, good-bye.
  • F/O With Padova, bye.
  • 20:11 F/O Padova, good evening, Itavia 870.
  • Padova ACC Itavia 870, continue as cleared and report Firenze.
  • F/O We'll report Firenze.[Control was procedural. IH870 reached Firenze VOR at 20:20]
  • 20:20 F/O Over Firenze, Itavia 870.
  • Padova ACC Contact Rome Radar, 124.2, good-bye.
  • F/O Rome, 124.2, good-bye, 870.
  • F/O Good evening Rome, Itavia 870.
  • Rome (North -East sector) ACC Good evening to you too, 870. Squawk 1136. Cleared to Palermo, via Bolsena, Puma, Latina, Ponza, Amber 13
  • F/O 1136 is coming and 870 is cleared to Palermo via Bolsena, Puma, Latina, Ponza, Amber 13 and we're approaching 190...
  • Rome ACC Climb initially to 230.
  • F/O Up to 230, 870.[IH870 is cleared to FL230 and not to an higher level because at FL250, a few miles ahead, another Itavia aircraft, flight IH779 from Bergamo to Rome Ciampino, is about to start descent. The radar controller asks to the DC-9 crew if they have a visual.]
  • F/O Rome, 870, with the traffic in sight, is turning left again, crossing 245.
  • Rome ACC Roger, direct to Bolsena.
  • F/O Direct to Bolsena, 870.
  • 20:27 Rome ACC [due to some scalloping of the Firenze VOR, IH779 and IH870 are now about 8 miles left of the Amber 14's centerline]Itavia 779, proceed direct to Campagnano [VOR], 160 heading from present position. Also 870 take 160 heading.
  • F/O 160 for 870.
  • 20:34 Rome ACC 870, call Rome 125.5. Bye.
  • F/O 125.5.
  • F/O Rome, good evening. 870 is over Bolsena.
  • Rome (Terminal) ACC Radar contact, as cleared.
  • 20:39 Rome ACC 870, 124.2, good evening.[IH870 is over Puma reporting point and is turning left to Latina VOR]
  • F/O Thank you, bye.
  • F/O This is 870, good evening, Rome.
  • Rome ACC 870 ?
  • F/O Good evening, 870 maintaining 290, over Puma.
  • Rome ACC Roger, proceed Latina, Ponza.
  • 20:44 F/O Rome, 870.
  • Rome ACC Itavia 870, for Ponza 123.35.
  • F/O Bye.
  • F/O 870, good evening, Rome.
  • Rome (South Sector) ACC Good evening, 870; maintain 290, report Amber 13, Alpha.
  • F/O Yes...neither Ponza is working ? We've found a graveyard this evening; coming from Firenze we didn't find one beacon working properly.
  • Rome ACC In fact, everything is a bit out, Ponza too. What's your heading now ?
  • F/O We've 195.
  • Rome ACC Well, maintain 195. You'll go some mile south of Ponza.
  • Rome ACC I don't know if you want to keep this heading. Otherwise you can go left, 15-20 degrees.
  • F/O OK, we put 210.
  • 20:48 F/O This is 870: is it possible to get 250 ?[IH870 requests a lower level due turbulence]
  • Rome ACC Affirmative: you can start descent now.
  • F/O Thanks: leaving 290.
  • 20:51 Rome ACC 870, you've left Ponza three miles to the right, so approximately to Palermo it's good this heading.
  • F/O Very kind, thanks, we're approaching 250.
  • Rome ACC Perfect, anyway call me when receiving Palermo [VOR].
  • F/O PAL [VOR] is already on the air and coming well. And we got the Ponza DME.
  • Rome ACC Good, so normal navigation to Palermo. Maintain 250, call me over Alpha.
  • 20:56 F/O It's over Alpha, 870.
  • Rome ACC Affirmative, slightly to the right, about four miles. Radar service terminates here. Call 128.8 for further (instructions)
  • F/O Thank you for everything and good-bye.
  • F/O Rome, Itavia 870. 115 miles to PRS [Raisi VOR, near Palermo], maintaining 250.
  • Rome ACC Roger, Itavia 870. An estimate for Raisi ?
  • F/O We estimate Raisi at 19.
  • Rome ACC 870, roger. Cleared to Raisi VOR, no delay expected. Call back for descent.
  • F/O To Raisi, no delay. We'll call you for descent, 870.
  • Rome ACC That is correct.
  • 20:59:45 [Last transponder answer from the IH870 is recorded at the far southern end of the Ciampino civil radar range. IH870 is recorded at FL250, about 50 miles north of Ustica island]
  • 21:04 Rome ACC Itavia 870, when ready, cleared to 110, report leaving 250 and passing 150.[No answer]
  • Rome ACC Itavia 870, Rome [No answer]
  • Rome ACC Itavia 870, Rome, do you read ? [No answer. Two other traffic are requested to relay the calls to IH870, but no answer is ever received from the DC-9. All 81 people on board perished in this yet to be explained crash][1]

[edit] Conspiracy theories

There are many conspiracy theories surrounding this event. They are based on the series of events following the air crash. For example, the vessel that carried out the search for debris on the ocean floor was French, but only US officials had access to the aircraft parts they found. Two experienced Italian F-104 pilots who had been flying in the disaster area minutes after the DC-9 disappeared were later killed as members of the Frecce Tricolori air acrobatics team at the flight festival at Ramstein Air Base. (See Ramstein airshow disaster.) Some of the Italian Air Force officials who apparently knew about the disaster's background died suddenly; others were killed in automobile accidents.[2]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  • ↑  ATC transcript as published in Italian by VOLARE, n.40, year IV. English translation provided by Enrico Zaffiri.
  • Natos Secret Armies: Operation Gladio and Terrorism in Western Europe, by Daniele Ganser, ISBN 0-7146-5607-0

[edit] External links

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