Adolf Pilar von Pilchau

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Adolf Konstantin Jakob Baron Pilar von Pilchau (23 May 1851 in Audru, Estonia – 17 June 1925 in Pärnu, Estonia) was a landlord of Audru and a Baltic German politician, regent of the United Baltic Duchy (1918).

Adolf Pilar von Pilchau became the owner of Audru (German: Audern) manor after his father's death in 1870. 1881 he rented also Sauga manor. Both are situated in Pärnumaa, Estonia.

He started his political and administrative career in 1876 as a judge in the first district of Pärnu and proceeded from there to the position of Pärnu city councillor in 1879. Three years later he began working for the Ritterschaft of Livonia, filling in the position of treasurer. 1899 he was elected land councillor of Livonia which was a high position in the local government of Baltic Germans.

From 1908 to 1918 Adolf Pilar von Pilchau served as the land marshal of Livonia, leader of the Ritterschaft, the local government of Baltic Germans. 1912–1917 he was also a member of Russian State Council as a representative of Baltic provinces.

He was one of the persons behind the creation of the short-lived United Baltic Duchy and the first and only Chairman of its Regency Council from 5 November 1918 to 28 November 1918.

On 3 January 1919 he went into exile and lived for several years in Germany. Adolf Pilar von Pilchau returned to Estonia in 1923 with his wife and settled in the city of Pärnu where he died two years later.