Actinidia

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Actinidia
Actinidia foliage and fruit
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Ericales Family: Actinidiaceae Genus: Actinidia Lindl.
Species
See text

Actinidia is a genus of woody plants native to temperate eastern Asia, occurring throughout most of China, Taiwan, Korea and Japan, and extending north to southeast Siberia and south into Indochina. The genus includes shrubs growing to 6 m tall, and vigorous, strong-growing vines, growing up to 30 m in tree canopies.

The leaves are alternate, simple, with a dentate margin and a long petiole. The flowers are solitary or in axillary cymes, usually white, with five small petals. Most of the species are dioecious with separate male and female plants, but some are monoecious. The fruit is a large berry containing numerous small seeds; in most species the fruit is edible.

There are about 40-60 species of Actinidia:

Actinidia arguta (Kokuwa, Tara Vine, or Hardy Kiwi) Actinidia arisanensis Actinidia callosa Actinidia carnosifolia Actinidia chengkouensis Actinidia chinensis Actinidia chrysantha Actinidia cinerascens Actinidia cordifolia Actinidia coriacea Actinidia cylindrica Actinidia deliciosa (Yangtao or Chinese gooseberry) Actinidia eriantha Actinidia farinosa Actinidia fasciculoides Actinidia fortunatii Actinidia fulvicoma Actinidia glauco-callosa Actinidia glaucophylla Actinidia globosa Actinidia gracilis Actinidia grandiflora Actinidia hemsleyana Actinidia henryi Actinidia holotricha Actinidia indochinensis Actinidia kolomikta (Kolomikta or Arctic Beauty) Actinidia laevissima

Actinidia lanceolata Actinidia latifolia Actinidia leptophylla Actinidia liangguangensis Actinidia macrosperma Actinidia maloides Actinidia melanandra Actinidia melliana Actinidia obovata Actinidia pilosula Actinidia polygama (Silver Vine) Actinidia purpurea Actinidia rubricaulis Actinidia rubus Actinidia rudis Actinidia rufotricha Actinidia sabiaefolia Actinidia sorbifolia Actinidia stellato-pilosa Actinidia styracifolia Actinidia suberifolia Actinidia tetramera Actinidia trichogyna Actinidia ulmifolia Actinidia umbelloides Actinidia valvata Actinidia vitifolia Actinidia venosa

[edit] Uses

For the edible fruit, see Kiwifruit, which is a Cultivar Group of Actinidia deliciosa, and Hardy Kiwi, of the species Actinidia arguta. Some species are grown as ornamental plants, notably A. kolomikta.

Actinidia arguta has small fruit 10-15 g, with green edible skins and green flesh; hardier than A. deliciosa.

In Japan, Actinidia polygama (silver vine) is commonly known as "matatabi" (木天蓼) and noted for having an effect on cats much like that of catnip. It is mentioned in the saying 猫にまたたび、女郎に小判 (neko ni matatabi, jorō ni koban, "Silver vine to a cat, a coin to a prostitute"), meaning to put someone in a good mood by providing that which they most desire.

Actinidia kolomikta is the hardiest species (to about -40°C), and has distinctive white- and pink-variegated foliage even on wild plants, an unusual phenomenon. Its fruit is very small, 8 g or smaller.