Abd al Hamid Ben Badis
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| Arab Philosophy 19th century philosophy |
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|---|---|
| Name: | Albelhamid Ben Badis (Arabic:عبد الحميد بن باديس) |
| Birth: | December 4, 1889 |
| Death: | April 16, 1940 |
| School/tradition: | Islamic philosophy |
Albelhamid Ben Badis (Arabic:عبد الحميد بن باديس;Also: Ben Badis) was born on December 4, 1889 at 16:00. His birth was recorded the following day, Thursday December 5, 1889, at the register of births, marriages and deaths in Constantine, a city in the North-East of Algeria. Sheikh Ben Badis was an emblematic figure of the Islamic Reform movement in Algeria. Albelhamid Ben Badis was of an old town middle-class family which claimed descent from the Zirids a Berber Muslim dynasty founded in the 10th Century by Bologhine ibn Ziri.
In 1931 Ben Badis founded the Association of Muslim Algerian Ulema. This was a national grouping of many Islamic scholars in Algeria from many different and sometimes opposing perspectives and viewpoints. The association published a monthly magazine, the Al-Chihab and and Ben Badis contributed regularly to it between 1925 and his death in 1940. The magazine informed its readers of the associations ideas and thoughts on religious reform and spoke on other religious and political issues. Ben Badis passed away on April 16, 1940 in Constantine.
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[edit] Biography
[edit] Education
Ben Badis grew up in a scholarly and religious household and as a result memorized the Quran at the age of thirteen.
He was still very young when he was placed under the tutorship of Hamdan Lounissi. Lounissi was a significant influence on the youth of Ben Badis. Ben Badis never forgot Lounissi's counsel. Lounissi remarked to him "science for the love learns from science, not for the duty." Lounissi was a stalwart defender of the rights of the Muslim Inhabitants of Constantine. Lounissi extracted from the youth Ben Badis a promise to never enter into the service of France (the Colonial Power in Algeria).
[edit] Pilgrimages & study
[edit] At the Zitouna mosque
In 1908, Ben Badis, decided to begin his first voyage in order to advance his learning. He traveled to Tunis and therein the Zitouna mosque. This was, at the time, a great center of learning and knowledge, particularly in the Islamic fields of studies.
At the Zitouna mosque Ben Badis horizons increased. He learned a great deal of the Islamic Sciences and Arabic Language. He met many Academics who left an indelible mark on his personality and his viewpoint on Islam. The teachings of Sheikh Mohammed Al-Nakhli were to convince him further of the ideas of the Islamic reform movement and the subtleties of understanding the Quran. Sheikh Mohammed Al-Taher Ben Achour influenced Ben Badis in finding his appreciation of the splendor of the Arabic Language. Under Sheikh Al-Bachir Safer Ben Badis's interest developed in the contemporary and past problems of the Muslim Communities including finding a response to Western colonialism and dealing with its socio-economic after-effects.
[edit] Return To Algeria
After some years Ben Badis returned to Algeria. He began teaching informally to visitors at the mosque, Djamaa Al Kabir in Constantine. This was ended quickly because there were some at the mosque who opposed his ideas on Islamic Reform and he was thus prohibited from teaching at the Djama. The ejection from the mosque propelled Ben Badis to Leave Algeria again but this time to the Middle-East.
[edit] In Madinah
After having completed his pilgrimage or Hajj in Makkah and Madinah Ben Badis stayed on in Madinah for threee months and commenced a giving lessons to pilgrims and residents in the Prophets mosque, Al-Masjid al-Nabawi.
In Madinah Ben Badis encountered Muslim Reformist Sheikh Bachir Al Ibrahimi. They would regularly meet in order to formulate a clear plan for reform of Islam in Algeria. This was the start of a long friendship which spurred the Islamic Reform movement In Algeria into a position of prominence and influence. Another Reformist Sheikh Hussein Ahmed Al-Hindi also residing at Madinah was impressed by Ben Badis ability and knowledge. He urged Ben Badis to move permanently to Algeria and work against the ills of Maraboutic ideas, ignorance in Islamic Knowledge and against cultural and religious decline in the Muslim population of Algeria under French occupation.
After his departure Ben Badis visited Syria and Egypt. At the Al-Azhar Mosque in Cairo he met with renowned academics of Literature and Islamic sciences.
[edit] Second Return to Algeria
In 1913 Ben Badis returned again to Algeria and settled in Constantine. He once again resumed teaching in a mosque. The attendance of these courses was quite small at the beginning but gradually a large number of people began to attend. It was at this point that Ben Badis concieved the idea of establishing a Muslim organization of religious scholars and leaders.
In 1936, Ben Badis plays a role in the founding of the "Algerian Muslim Congress" (CMA). This congress is disbanded the following year in the summer of 1937 and shortly after Ben Badis rises to the leadership of another organization the Association of Muslim Algerian Ulema.
It would have to be stressed that one of the major concerns during this period of life for Abdel Hamid Ben Badis, was the resistance against the repression of Algerian patriots. Working as a journalist during those years he regularly denounced the fascist propaganda and the anti-Semitic intrigues of the French occupiers.
April 16, 1940 Ben Badis died prematurely in his birthplace of Constantine. He was buried in the presence of 20,000 people and his funeral took the aspect of a gigantic humanistic demonstration; anti-colonialist and democratic; the very principles practiced in the life of this large Algerian hero.
