69th Pennsylvania Infantry

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69th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
Union Army 2nd Division Badge, II Corps, Army of the Potomac
Active	August 19, 1861 - July 1, 1865
Country	United States
Allegiance	Union
Branch	United States Army
Type	Volunteer Infantry Regiment
Part of	Army of the Potomac
Nickname	The Rock of Erin
Colors	Union Blue and Irish Green
Battles/wars	Peninsula Campaign Battle of Antietam Battle of Fredericksburg Battle of Gettysburg Siege of Petersburg Appomattox Campaign
Commanders
Colonel of the Regiment	Dennis O'Kane
Notable commanders	Joshua T. Owen

The 69th Pennsylvania Infantry (originally raised as the 2nd California) was a volunteer regiment in the Union army during the American Civil War. Part of the famed Philadelphia Brigade, it played a key role defending against Pickett's Charge during the Battle of Gettysburg.

[edit] History

The 69th Pennsylvania was recruited from Philadelphia Irish militia companies of the 2nd Regiment, Pennsylvania Militia. It was mustered into service on August 19, 1861, with Joshua T. Owen as its first colonel. The unit was designated the 2nd California. It left for Washington D.C. that September, before being assigned to the Army of the Potomac in October as part of Colonel Edwin Baker's California Brigade. The regiment’s first action was at the Battle of Balls Bluff. After this battle, its name was changed to the 24th Pennsylvania, and then to the 68th. They made an attempt with the 69th New York to form an Irish Brigade but Governor Andrew Gregg Curtin of Pennsylvania opposed the idea, which led to the proposal being dropped. The 68th had their regimental designation changed to the 69th in honor of the 69th New York.

The 69th served in the Peninsula Campaign, during which it was complimented by Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker for making “the first successful bayonet charge of the war.” Its next major action was at the Battle of Antietam. It lost heavily at the Battle of Fredericksburg, but missed any major action at Chancellorsville, seeing only minor skirmishing.

The unit played a large role at the Battle of Gettysburg, helping repel both Brig. Gen. Ambrose Wright’s charge on July 2 and Pickett’s Charge on July 3. Its casualties over the last two days of the battle were enormous, losing 143 men out of 258, including its colonel, lieutenant colonel, two captains, and a lieutenant. The regiment's ranking officer, Maj. Duffy, was seriously wounded but refused to give up command until the battle was over. The 69th finished the campaign under the command of a captain.

The 69th fought in Grant’s Overland Campaign, again losing heavily. At the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, Lieutenant McAnally of Company D captured a Confederate battleflag. After the Battle of Cold Harbor, the 71st Pennsylvania was merged into the 69th. During the Siege of Petersburg, the Philadelphia Brigade was broken up, with the 72nd Pennsylvania mustered out of service and the 106th reduced to a single battalion. The 69th participated in the pursuit of the Army of Northern Virginia during the Appomattox Campaign. The regiment was mustered out at Ball’s Cross-Roads, near Washington, on July 1, 1865.

The only Pennsylvania regiment to carry the green Irish flag into battle.

[edit] Reenactors

The 69th Pennsylvania Irish Volunteers portray the regiment at various reenactments. Bus tours and the preservation of sites relating to the 69th also among the group's activities. Additionally, they also have a musical group performing traditional Irish and Civil War music.