65th United States Congress
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The Sixty-fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1917 to March 3, 1919, during the first two years of the second administration of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Thirteenth Census of the United States in 1910. The Senate had a Democratic majority, and the House had a Republican majority.
[edit] Dates of sessions
- Special session of the Senate: March 5, 1917 - March 16, 1917
- First session: April 2, 1917 - October 6, 1917
- Second session: December 3, 1917 - November 21, 1918
- Third session: December 2, 1918 - March 3, 1919 — a lame duck session
Previous congress: 64th Congress
Next congress: 66th Congress
[edit] Major events
- Main article: Events of 1917; Events of 1918; Events of 1919
The brief special session was called by President Wilson in March 1919, because of a filibuster that had successfully blocked appropriations bills needed to fund day-to-day government operations. The official Senate website provides the full story of this filibuster as part of a biography of Charles P. Higgins [1], the colorful Senate Seargant at Arms who was the only Democrat to fill that office in a space of almost forty years.
[edit] Major legislation
- Migratory Bird Treaty Act, an agreement between the US and Great Britain designed to protect endangered fowl
- Espionage Act and Sedition Act, which made certain kinds of criticism of the US government a treasonable offense
- War Resolution that brought America into World War I.
[edit] Leadership
[edit] Senate
[edit] House of Representatives
[edit] Members
[edit] Senate
- William E. Borah (Rep.)
- James H. Brady (Rep.) Brady died 13 January 1918. John F. Nugent was appointed and then elected to take his vacant seat.
- John F. Nugent (Dem.) Nugent took the place of James H. Brady, who died during his term in this Congress.
- J. C. W. Beckham (Dem.)
- Ollie M. James (Dem.) James died 28 August 1918; George B. Martin was appointed to take his place.
- George B. Martin (Dem.) Martin was appointed to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Ollie M. James.
- Robert F. Broussard (Dem.) Broussard died 12 April 1918. Walter Guion was appointed to take his seat, although Edward J. Gay was soon elected for the position.
- Edward J. Gay (Dem.) Gay was elected to fill Robert F. Broussard's seat after Broussard's death, taking the place of the temporary appointee Walter Guion.
- Walter Guion (Dem.) Guion was appointed to the Senate upon Robert F. Broussard's death, but was not elected to take his place.
- Joseph E. Ransdell (Dem.)
- James A. Reed (Dem.)
- Selden P. Spencer (Rep.) Spencer was elected to take William J. Stone's seat after Stone's death. He took over from appointee Xenophon O. Wilfley.
- William J. Stone (Dem.) Stone died 14 April 1918; his vacant seat was filled at first by Xenophon O. Wilfley and then by Selden P. Spencer.
- Xenophon P. Wilfley (Dem.) Wilfley was appointed to take the place of William J. Stone upon Stone's death.
- Charles B. Henderson (Dem.) Henderson was appointed and elected after the death of Francis G. Newlands.
- Francis G. Newlands (Dem.) Newlands died 24 December 1917; Charles B. Henderson took his place.
- Key Pittman (Dem.)
- Irving W. Drew (Rep.) Drew was appointed to Jacob H. Gallinger's seat after Gallinger's death, but was not elected to take his place.
- Jacob H. Gallinger (Rep.) Gallinger died 17 August 1918; his successors were Irving W. Drew and George H. Moses.
- Henry F. Hollis (Dem.)
- George H. Moses (Rep.) Moses was elected to take the seat of the deceased Jacob H. Gallinger, taking over from Irving W. Drew.
- David Baird (Rep.) Baird was the successor to William Hughes after his death in 1918.
- Joseph S. Frelinghuysen (Rep.)
- William Hughes (Dem.) Hughes died 30 January 1918 and was replaced by David Baird.
- George E. Chamberlain (Dem.)
- Harry Lane (Dem.) Lane died 23 May 1917. Charles L. McNary was appointed, and Frederick W. Mulkey was elected, to fill his vacant seat.
- Charles L. McNary (Rep.) McNary was appointed at first to Harry Lane's seat after Lane's death, and replaced by the elected Frederick W. Mulkey. McNary was later appointed to take the seat again after Mulkey's resignation.
- Frederick W. Mulkey (Rep.) Mulkey served for a brief period in 1918, after being elected to Harry Lane's seat; Mulkey resigned the next month.
- Christie Benet (Dem.) Benet was appointed to Benjamin R. Tillman's seat after Tillman's death, but lost the election for the seat to William P. Pollock.
- William P. Pollock (Dem.) Pollock was elected to fill the vacant seat caused by the death of Benjamin R. Tillman.
- Ellison D. Smith (Dem.)
- Benjamin R. Tillman (Dem.) Tillman died 3 July 1918; Christie Benet was appointed, and William P. Pollock was elected, to fill his vacant seat.
- Paul O. Husting (Dem.) Husting died 21 October 1917 while duck hunting; his vacanct seat was filled by Irvine L. Lenroot.
- Robert M. La Follette (Rep.)
- Irvine L. Lenroot (Rep.) Lenroot was appointed and elected to fill Paul O. Husting's seat after Husting's death.
[edit] House of Representatives
- Oscar L. Gray (Dem.)
- S. Hubert Dent, Jr. (Dem.)
- Henry B. Steagall (Dem.)
- Fred L. Blackmon (Dem.)
- J. Thomas Heflin (Dem.)
- William B. Oliver (Dem.)
- John L. Burnett (Dem.)
- Edward B. Almon (Dem.)
- George Huddleston (Dem.)
- William B. Bankhead (Dem.)
- Thaddeus H. Caraway (Dem.)
- William A. Oldfield (Dem.)
- John N. Tillman (Dem.)
- Otis Wingo (Dem.)
- Henderson M. Jacoway (Dem.)
- Samuel M. Taylor (Dem.)
- William S. Goodwin (Dem.)
- Clarence F. Lea (Dem.)
- John E. Raker (Dem.)
- Charles F. Curry (Rep.)
- Julius Kahn (Rep.)
- John I. Nolan (Rep.)
- John A. Elston Progressive
- Denver S. Church (Dem.)
- Everis A. Hayes (Rep.)
- Charles H. Randall, Prohibitionist
- Henry Z. Osborne (Rep.)
- William Kettner (Dem.)
- Carole E. Shea (Rep.)
- Daniel H. Bruckner (Rep.)
- Benjamin C. Hilliard (Dem.)
- Charles B. Timberlake (Rep.)
- Edward Keating (Dem.)
- Edward T. Taylor (Dem.)
- Augustine Lonergan (Dem.)
- Richard P. Freeman (Rep.)
- John Q. Tilson (Rep.)
- Ebenzer J. Hill (Rep.)
- James P. Glynn (Rep.)
- Schuyler Merritt (Rep.)
- Herbert J. Drane (Dem.)
- Frank Clark (Dem.)
- (James) Walter Kehoe
- William J. Sears (Dem.)
- James W. Overstreet (Dem.)
- Frank Park (Dem.)
- Charles R. Crisp (Dem.)
- William C. Adamson (Dem.)
- William S. Howard (Dem.)
- James W. Wise (Dem.)
- Charles H. Brand (Dem.)
- Thomas M. Bell (Dem.)
- Carl Vinson (Dem.)
- J. Randall Walker (Dem.)
- William W. Larsen (Dem.)
- Gordon Lee (Dem.)
- William C. Wright (Dem.)
- Martin B. Madden (Rep.)
- James R. Mann (Rep.)
- William W. Wilson (Rep.)
- Charles Martin (Dem.)
- Adolph J. Sabath (Dem.)
- James McAndrews (Dem.)
- Niels Juul (Rep.)
- Thomas Gallagher (Dem.)
- Fred A. Britten (Rep.)
- George E. Foss (Rep.)
- Ira C. Copley Progressive
- Charles Eugene Fuller (Rep.)
- John C. McKenzie (Rep.)
- William J. Graham (Rep.)
- Edward J. King (Rep.)
- Clifford Ireland (Rep.)
- John A. Sterling (Rep.)
- Joseph G. Cannon (Rep.)
- William B. McKinley (Rep.)
- Henry T. Rainey (Dem.)
- Loren E. Wheeler (Rep.)
- William A. Rodenberg (Rep.)
- Martin D. Foster (Dem.)
- Thomas S. Williams (Rep.)
- Edward E. Denison (Rep.)
- Medill McCormick (Rep.)
- William E. Mason (Rep.)
- John Rainey (Dem.)
- George K. Denton (Dem.)
- Oscar E. Bland (Rep.)
- William E. Cox (Dem.)
- Lincoln Dixon (Dem.)
- Everett Sanders (Rep.)
- Daniel W. Comstock (Rep.)
- Merrill Moores (Rep.)
- Albert H. Vestal (Rep.)
- Fred S. Purnell (Rep.)
- William R. Wood (Rep.)
- Milton Kraus (Rep.)
- Louis W. Fairfield (Rep.)
- Henry A. Barnhart (Rep.)
- Richard N. Elliott (Rep.)
- Charles A. Kennedy (Rep.)
- Harry E. Hull (Rep.)
- Burton E. Sweet (Rep.)
- Gilbert N. Haugen (Rep.)
- James W. Good (Rep.)
- C. William Ramseyer (Rep.)
- Cassius C. Dowell (Rep.)
- Horace M. Towner (Rep.)
- William R. Green (Rep.)
- Frank P. Woods (Rep.)
- George C. Scott (Rep.)
- Daniel R. Anthony, Jr. (Rep.)
- Edward C. Little (Rep.)
- Philip P. Campbell (Rep.)
- Dudley Doolittle (Dem.)
- Guy T. Helvering (Dem.)
- John R. Connelly (Dem.)
- Jouett Shouse (Dem.)
- William A. Ayres (Dem.)
- Alben W. Barkley (Dem.)
- David H. Kincheloe (Dem.)
- Robert Y. Thomas, Jr. (Dem.)
- Ben Johnson (Dem.)
- (Joseph) Swagar Sherley (Dem.)
- Arthur B. Rouse (Dem.)
- James C. Cantrill (Dem.)
- Harvey Helm (Dem.)
- William J. Fields (Dem.)
- John W. Langley (Rep.)
- Caleb Powers (Rep.)
- Albert Estopinal (Dem.)
- H. Garland Dupré (Dem.)
- Whitmell P. Martin Progressive
- John T. Watkins (Dem.)
- Riley J. Wilson (Dem.)
- Jared Y. Sanders (Dem.)
- Ladislas Lazaro (Dem.)
- James B. Aswell (Dem.)
- Louis B. Goodall (Rep.)
- Wallace H. White, Jr. (Rep.)
- John A. Peters (Rep.)
- Ira G. Hersey (Rep.)
- Jesse D. Price (Dem.)
- J. Fred C. Talbott (Dem.)
- Charles P. Coady (Dem.)
- J. Charles Linthicum (Dem.)
- Sydney E. Mudd (Rep.)
- Frederick N. Zihlman (Rep.)
- Carville D. Benson (Dem.)
- Allen T. Treadway (Rep.)
- Frederick H. Gillett (Rep.)
- Calvin D. Paige (Rep.)
- Samuel E. Winslow (Rep.)
- John Jacob Rogers (Rep.)
- Augustus P. Gardner (Rep.)
- Michael F. Phelan (Dem.)
- Frederick W. Dallinger (Rep.)
- Alvan T. Fuller (Rep.)
- Peter F. Tague (Dem.)
- George Holden Tinkham (Rep.)
- James A. Gallivan (Dem.)
- William H. Carter (Rep.)
- Richard Olney II (Dem.)
- William S. Greene (Rep.)
- Joseph Walsh (Rep.)
- Willfred W. Lufkin (Rep.)
- Frank E. Doremus (Dem.)
- Mark R. Bacon (Rep.)
- John M. C. Smith (Rep.)
- Edward L. Hamilton (Rep.)
- Carl E. Mapes (Rep.)
- Patrick H. Kelley (Rep.)
- Louis C. Cramton (Rep.)
- Joseph W. Fordney (Rep.)
- James C. McLaughlin (Rep.)
- Gilbert A. Currie (Rep.)
- Frank D. Scott (Rep.)
- W. Frank James (Rep.)
- Charles A. Nichols (Rep.)
- Samuel W. Beakes (Dem.)
- Sydney Anderson (Rep.)
- Franklin Ellsworth (Rep.)
- Charles Russell Davis (Rep.)
- Carl Van Dyke (Dem.)
- Ernest Lundeen (Rep.)
- Harold Knutson (Rep.)
- Andrew Volstead (Rep.)
- Clarence B. Miller (Rep.)
- Halvor Steenerson (Rep.)
- Thomas D. Schall (Rep.)
- Ezekiel S. Candler (Dem.)
- Hubert D. Stephens (Dem.)
- Benjamin J. Humphreys (Dem.)
- Thomas U. Sisson (Dem.)
- William W. Venable (Dem.)
- Pat Harrison (Dem.)
- Percy E. Quin (Dem.)
- James W. Collier (Dem.)
- Milton A. Romjue (Dem.)
- William W. Rucker (Dem.)
- Joshua W. Alexander (Dem.)
- Charles F. Booher (Dem.)
- William P. Borland (Dem.)
- Clement C. Dickinson (Dem.)
- Courtney W. Hamlin (Dem.)
- Dorsey W. Shackleford (Dem.)
- Jacob E. Meeker (Rep.)
- William L. Igoe (Dem.)
- Leonidas C. Dyer (Rep.)
- Walter L. Hensley (Dem.)
- Joseph J. Russell (Dem.)
- Perl D. Decker (Dem.)
- Thomas L. Rubey (Dem.)
- Champ Clark (Dem.)
- Frederick Essen (Rep.)
- Moses P. Kinkaid (Rep.)
- Charles O. Lobeck (Dem.)
- Charles F. Reavis (Rep.)
- Ashton C. Shallenberger (Dem.)
- Charles H. Sloan (Rep.)
- Dan V. Stephens (Dem.)
- Sherman E. Burroughs (Rep.)
- Cyrus A. Sulloway (Rep.)
- Edward H. Wason (Rep.)
- Isaac Bacharach (Rep.)
- William F. Birch (Rep.)
- William J. Browning (Rep.)
- John H. Capstick (Rep.)
- Dow H. Drukker (Rep.)
- John J. Eagan (Dem.)
- Edward W. Gray (Rep.)
- James A. Hamill (Dem.)
- Elijah C. Hutchinson (Rep.)
- Frederick R. Lehlbach (Rep.)
- Richard W. Parker (Rep.)
- John R. Ramsey (Rep.)
- Thomas J. Scully (Dem.)
- William B. Walton (Dem.)
- Henry Bruckner (Dem.)
- Charles P. Caldwell (Dem.)
- John F. Carew (Dem.)
- Walter M. Chandler, Progressive
- William E. Cleary (Dem.)
- Michael F. Conry (Dem.)
- Harry H. Dale (Dem.)
- John J. Delaney (Dem.)
- Stephen W. Dempsey (Rep.)
- Jerome F. Donovan (Dem.)
- Peter J. Dooling (Dem.)
- Thomas B. Dunn (Rep.)
- Benjamin L. Fairchild (Rep.)
- George W. Fairchild (Rep.)
- John J. Fitzgerald (Dem.)
- Joseph V. Flynn (Dem.)
- George B. Francis (Rep.)
- Norman J. Gould (Rep.)
- Anthony J. Griffin (Dem.)
- Daniel J. Griffin (Dem.)
- Charles M. Hamilton (Rep.)
- Reuben L. Haskell (Rep.)
- Frederick C. Hicks (Rep.)
- G. Murray Hulbert (Dem.)
- James W. Husted (Rep.)
- Fiorello H. La Guardia (Rep.)
- Meyer London, Socialist
- George R. Lunn (Dem.)
- Walter W. Magee (Rep.)
- James P. Maher (Dem.)
- Luther W. Mott (Rep.)
- Daniel C. Oliver (Dem.)
- James S. Parker (Rep.)
- Edmund Platt (Rep.)
- Harry H. Pratt (Rep.)
- Daniel J. Riordan (Dem.)
- Frederick W. Rowe (Rep.)
- Archie D. Sanders (Rep.)
- Rollin B. Sanford (Rep.)
- Isaac Siegel (Rep.)
- Charles B. Smith (Dem.)
- Thomas F. Smith (Dem.)
- Bertrand H. Snell (Rep.)
- Homer P. Snyder (Rep.)
- Christopher D. Sullivan (Dem.)
- Oscar W. Swift (Rep.)
- William F. Waldow (Rep.)
- Charles B. Ward (Rep.)
- James J. Britt (Rep.)
- Robert L. Doughton (Dem.)
- Hannibal L. Godwin (Dem.)
- George E. Hood (Dem.)
- Claude Kitchin (Dem.)
- Edward W. Pou (Dem.)
- Leonidas D. Robinson (Dem.)
- John H. Small (Dem.)
- Charles M. Stedman (Dem.)
- Zebulon Weaver (Dem.)
- Edwin Y. Webb (Dem.)
- William A. Ashbrook (Dem.)
- Elsworth R. Bathrick (Dem.)
- Clement L. Brumbaugh (Dem.)
- Horatio C. Claypool (Dem.)
- John G. Cooper (Rep.)
- Robert Crosser (Dem.)
- Martin L. Davey (Dem.)
- Henry I. Emerson (Rep.)
- Simeon D. Fess (Rep.)
- Warren Gard (Dem.)
- William Gordon (Dem.)
- Victor Heintz (Rep.)
- David A. Hollingsworth (Rep.)
- Charles C. Kearns (Rep.)
- John A. Key (Dem.)
- Nicholas Longworth (Rep.)
- Roscoe C. McCulloch (Rep.)
- Arthur W. Overmyer (Dem.)
- Isaac R. Sherwood (Dem.)
- John S. Snook (Dem.)
- Robert M. Switzer (Rep.)
- Benjamin F. Welty (Dem.)
- George White (Dem.)
- Charles D. Carter (Dem.)
- Thomas A. Chandler (Rep.)
- Scott Ferris (Dem.)
- William W. Hastings (Dem.)
- James V. McClintic (Dem.)
- Thomas D. McKeown (Dem.)
- Dick T. Morgan (Rep.)
- Joseph B. Thompson (Dem.)
- Willis C. Hawley (Rep.)
- Clifton N. McArthur (Rep.)
- Nicholas J. Sinnott (Rep.)
- Earl H. Beshlin (Dem.) (elected in 1917 after the resignation of Orrin D. Bleakley)
- Orrin D. Bleakley (Rep.) (resigned in 1917)
- Andrew R. Brodbeck (Dem.)
- Thomas S. Butler (Rep.)
- Guy E. Campbell (Dem.)
- Henry A. Clark (Rep.)
- Peter E. Costello (Rep.)
- Thomas S. Crago (Rep.)
- George P. Darrow (Rep.)
- Arthur G. Dewalt (Dem.)
- George W. Edmonds (Rep.)
- John R. Farr (Rep.)
- Benjamin K. Focht (Rep.)
- Mahlon M. Garland (Rep.)
- George S. Graham (Rep.)
- William W. Griest (Rep.)
- Robert D. Heaton (Rep.)
- M. Clyde Kelly, Progressive
- Edgar R. Kiess (Rep.)
- Aaron S. Kreider (Rep.)
- John V. Lesher (Dem.)
- Louis T. McFadden (Rep.)
- Joseph McLaughlin (Rep.)
- J. Hampton Moore (Rep.)
- John M. Morin (Rep.)
- Stephen G. Porter (Rep.)
- Edward E. Robbins (Rep.)
- John M. Rose (Rep.)
- Charles H. Rowland (Rep.)
- J. R. K. Scott (Rep.)
- Henry J. Steele (Dem.)
- Bruce F. Sterling (Dem.)
- Nathan L. Strong (Rep.)
- Henry W. Temple (Rep.)
- Thomas W. Templeton (Rep.)
- William S. Vare (Rep.)
- Henry W. Watson (Rep.)
- Ambrose Kennedy (Rep.)
- George F. O'Shaunessy (Dem.)
- Walter R. Stiness (Rep.)
- James F. Byrnes (Dem.)
- Frederick H. Dominick (Dem.)
- David E. Finley (Dem.)
- Asbury F. Lever (Dem.)
- Samuel J. Nicholls (Dem.)
- James W. Ragsdale (Dem.)
- William F. Stevenson (Dem.)
- Richard S. Whaley (Dem.)
- Richard W. Austin (Rep.)
- Joseph W. Byrns (Dem.)
- Hubert F. Fisher (Dem.)
- Finis J. Garrett (Dem.)
- William C. Houston (Dem.)
- Cordell Hull (Dem.)
- Lemuel P. Padgett (Dem.)
- John A. Moon (Dem.)
- Sam R. Sells (Rep.)
- Thetus W. Sims (Dem.)
- Eugene Black (Dem.)
- Thomas L. Blanton (Dem.)
- James P. Buchanan (Dem.)
- Thomas T. Connally (Dem.)
- Martin Dies (Dem.)
- Joe H. Eagle (Dem.)
- John N. Garner (Dem.)
- Daniel E. Garrett (Dem.)
- Alexander W. Gregg (Dem.)
- Rufus Hardy (Dem.)
- John M. Jones (Dem.)
- Joseph J. Mansfield (Dem.)
- Atkins J. McLemore (Dem.)
- Samuel T. Rayburn (Dem.)
- James L. Slayden (Dem.)
- Hatton W. Sumners (Dem.)
- James C. Wilson (Dem.)
- James Young (Dem.)
- Schuyler O. Bland (Dem.)
- Charles C. Carlin (Dem.)
- Henry De La Warr Flood (Dem.)
- Carter Glass (Dem.)
- Thomas W. Harrison (Dem.)
- Edward E. Holland (Dem.)
- William A. Jones (Dem.)
- Andrew J. Montague (Dem.)
- Edward W. Saunders (Dem.)
- Campbell B. Slemp (Rep.)
- Walter A. Watson (Dem.)
- James P. Woods (Dem.)
- Clarence C. Dill (Dem.)
- Lindley H. Hadley (Rep.)
- Albert Johnson (Rep.)
- William L. La Follette (Rep.)
- John F. Miller (Rep.)
- George M. Bowers (Rep.)
- Edward Cooper (Rep.)
- Adam B. Littlepage (Dem.)
- Matthew M. Neely (Dem.)
- Stuart F. Reed (Rep.)
- Harry C. Woodyard (Rep.)
- Edward E. Browne (Rep.)
- William J. Cary (Rep.)
- David G. Classon (Rep.)
- Henry A. Cooper (Rep.)
- James H. Davidson (Rep.)
- John J. Esch (Rep.)
- James A. Frear (Rep.)
- Florian Lampert (Rep.)
- Adolphus P. Nelson (Rep.)
- John M. Nelson (Rep.)
- William H. Stafford (Rep.)
- Edward Voigt (Rep.)
[edit] Delegates
- Alaska Territory
- Hawaii Territory
[edit] Resident Commissioners
- Félix Córdova Dávila, Unionist, Puerto Rico
- Jaime C. De Veyra, Philippines
- Teodoro R. Yangco, Philippines
[edit] Officers
[edit] Senate
- Secretary of the Senate:
- James M. Baker of South Carolina, elected March 13, 1913.
- Sergeant at Arms of the Senate:
[edit] House of Representatives
- Clerk of the House:
- Sergeant at Arms of the House:
- Doorkeeper of the House:
- Postmaster of the House:
- Clerk at the Speaker’s Table:
- Bennett C. Clark
- Clarence A. Cannon
- Chaplain of the House
- The Rev. Henry N. Couden, Universalist, elected April 2, 1917.
[edit] Other
- Architect of the Capitol:
- Elliott Woods, appointed February 19, 1902.
[edit] References
- Gould, Lewis L. (2005). The Most Exclusive Club. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books Group. 0-465-02778-4.
- Remini, Robert V. (2006). The House. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. 0-06-088434-7.
- U.S. Congress (2005). Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Retrieved on June 1, 2006.
- U.S. House of Representatives (2006). Congressional History. Retrieved on June 1, 2006.
- U.S. Senate (2006). Statistics and Lists. Retrieved on June 1, 2006.
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