532 Herculina
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| Discovery | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by: | Max Wolf |
| Discovery date: | April 20, 1904 |
| Alternative names: | 1904 NY |
| Minor planet category: | Main belt |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch 22 November 2003 (JD 2452600.5) | |
| Aphelion distance: | 3.26 AU |
| Perihelion distance: | 2.29 AU |
| Semi-major axis: | 2.7719820 AU |
| Eccentricity: | 0.1777919 |
| Orbital period: | 4.62 a |
| Avg. orbital speed: | unknown |
| Mean anomaly: | 142.15781° |
| Inclination: | 16.30843° |
| Longitude of ascending node: | 107.65510° |
| Argument of perihelion: | 76.86717° |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions: | 225 km |
| Mass: | ~2.29×1019Kg [1] |
| Mean density: | ~4 g/cm³[1] |
| Equatorial surface gravity: | unknown |
| Escape velocity: | unknown |
| Rotation period: | 9.404951 h |
| Albedo: | 0.16 |
| Temperature: | unknown |
| Spectral type: | S |
| Absolute magnitude: | 5.81 |
532 Herculina is a very large asteroid, with a diameter of around 225 km.
Contents |
[edit] Discovery
It was discovered on April 20th, 1904, by Max Wolf in Heidelberg, and initially catalogued as 1904 NY.[2] The origin of its name is not known; it may be named after the mythical Hercules, or after an unknown woman of that name. The bulk of the asteroids discovered by Wolf around this date were named for characters in operas, but if this name was also drawn from such a source, no explanation has been recorded.
[edit] Physical characteristics
Herculina is one of the twenty or so largest members of the main asteroid belt.[3]
It has often been noted for its complex lightcurves, which made determination of its shape and rotation somewhat difficult. A set of 1982 speckle inferometry observations led to a simple preliminary model of Herculina as a three-axis object, perhaps 260 by 220 by 215 km. 1985 analysis of this data concluded there was a nonspherical shape with one bright spot, whilst a 1987 photometric astrometry study concluded the object was spherical with two dark spots (and rotated around a completely different pole), which was in turn negated by a 1988 thermal study which showed the object could not be spherical. By the late 1980s, the generally accepted model was a three-axis object with major albedo or topographical features.[4]
Recent (2002) modelling of photometric data indicates that Herculina is not spherical, but a blocky shape not unlike a battered cuboid - or, as the analysis described it, it "resembles a toaster". This analysis indicates the presence of multiple largish craters, similar to 253 Mathilde, but no major variation in albedo. The approximate ratios of the axes were suggested as 1:1.1:1.3, broadly consistent with earlier models if slightly more elongated.[5]
[edit] Satellites
Following anomalous observations during an occultation of the star SAO 1220774 in 1978, Herculina became the first asteroid to be "confirmed" to have an asteroid moon, with the parent asteroid estimated at a 216km diameter and a satellite of about 45km orbiting at a distance of around 1,000 km.[6]
However, careful examination in 1993, using the Hubble Space Telescope, failed to locate a secondary.[7]
[edit] Aspects
| Minor planets | ||
|---|---|---|
| Previous minor planet | 532 Herculina | Next minor planet |
| List of asteroids | ||
Vulcanoids · Near-Earth asteroids · Main belt · Jupiter Trojans · Centaurs · Damocloids · Comets · Trans-Neptunians (Kuiper belt • Scattered disc • Oort cloud)
For other objects and regions, see Asteroid groups and families, Binary asteroids, Asteroid moons and the Solar System.
For a complete listing, see List of asteroids. See also Pronunciation of asteroid names and Meanings of asteroid names.
[edit] References
- ^ a b Masses and densities of minor planets - Yu. Chernetenko, O. Kochetova, and V. Shor
- ^ Provisional elements of the minor planet 1904 NY. J. C. Hammond, Astronomical Journal, vol. 24, iss. 564, p. 105-105 (1904) ADS archive copy
- ^ 20 Largest Asteroids
- ^ Speckle interferometry of asteroids (NASA CR-180438). J. Drummond, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, May 31, 1988
- ^ Models of Twenty Asteroids from Photometric Data. M. Kaasalainen, J. Torppa, and J. Piironen, Icarus 159, 369–395 (2002).
- ^ Satellite of Minor Planet 532 Herculina Discovered During Occultation. David W. Dunham, The Minor Planet Bulletin, Volume 6, p.13-14 (December 1978) ADS archive copy
- ^ Imaging observations of asteroids with Hubble Space Telescope. Storrs et.al., Icarus 137, 260–268 (1999)
