527 group

A 527 group is a type of American tax-exempt organization named after a section of the United States tax code, 26 U.S.C. § 527. A 527 group is created primarily to influence the nomination, election, appointment or defeat of candidates for public office. Although candidate committees and political action committees are also created under Section 527, the term is generally used to refer to political organizations that are not regulated by the Federal Election Commission or by a state elections commission, and are not subject to the same contribution limits as PACs.

1 Current legislation
2 2004 election controversy
3 Top Twenty 527 groups, 2004 election cycle
4 Top 20 527 groups, 2006 election cycle
5 See also
6 External links

[edit] Current legislation

Congress is currently considering new limits on 527s (comment on bill, analysis of bill.)

Because 527 organizations do not make expenditures to directly advocate the election or defeat of any candidate for federal elective office they avoid regulation by the Federal Elections Commission. The line between issue advocacy and candidate advocacy is the source of heated debate and litigation.

Many 527s are run by special interest groups and used to raise unlimited amounts of money to spend on issue advocacy and voter mobilization.

Examples of 527s include Americans for Dr. Rice, Americans for Honesty on Issues, Swift Boat Veterans for Truth, Texans for Truth, The Media Fund, America Coming Together, the Moveon.org Voter Fund, the Progress for America Voter Fund, and the November Fund.

During April of 2004, the Federal Elections Commission (FEC) held hearings to determine whether or not 527s should be regulated under campaign finance rules; see campaign finance reform for additional details. In May, they decided to delay any ruling for an additional 90 days, almost certainly pushing it past the 2004 presidential election.

[edit] 2004 election controversy

Under federal election law, coordination between an election campaign and a 527 group is not allowed. The heavy spending of key 527 groups to attack presidential candidates brought complaints to the Federal Elections Commission of illegal coordination between the groups and rival political campaigns. These formal complaints included:

On May 5, 2004, the Republican National Committee accused MoveOn.org, The Media Fund, America Coming Together and America Votes of coordinating their efforts with the John Kerry campaign.

On August 20, 2004, John Kerry's campaign accused Swift Boat Veterans for Truth of coordinating their efforts with the George W. Bush campaign.

Several people who are involved with both organizations have removed themselves to avoid the appearance of conflict. Attorney Benjamin Ginsberg pointed out that it was not uncommon or illegal for lawyers to represent campaigns or political parties while also representing 527 groups. For example, Washington attorney Joe Sandler simultaneously represents the Democratic National Committee and a 527 group airing anti-Bush ads, the MoveOn.org Voter Fund.

[edit] Top Twenty 527 groups, 2004 election cycle

Some of these listings identify a parent organization that has created a 527 group but that also engages in many nonpolitical activities. Democratic/liberal leaning groups are highlighted in blue, Republican/conservative leaning groups are highlighted in pink.

Rank	Name	2004 Fundraising	2004 Expenditures
1	America Coming Together	$78,652,163	$76,270,931
2	Joint Victory Campaign 2004*	$71,809,666	$72,347,983
3	Media Fund	$59,394,183	$54,429,053
4	Progress For America	$44,929,174	$35,437,204
5	Service Employees International Union	$42,609,668	$43,979,395
6	American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees	$24,998,802	$25,465,222
7	Swift Boat Veterans for Truth	$16,818,390	$22,424,420
8	Club for Growth	$13,383,974	$16,575,435
9	MoveOn.org	$12,517,365	$21,205,288
10	New Democratic Network	$12,221,608	$12,194,451
11	Citizens for a Strong Senate	$12,848,730	$10,143,121
12	Sierra Club	$8,727,127	$6,147,176
13	EMILY's List	$7,684,046	$7,938,328
14	Voices for Working Families	$7,466,056	$6,809,102
15	College Republican National Committee	$6,372,843	$8,207,393
16	AFL-CIO	$6,322,226	$6,380,028
17	League of Conservation Voters	$6,049,500	$4,947,072
18	Club for Growth	$4,115,037	$3,927,530
19	Democratic Victory	$3,824,969	$2,603,654
20	Laborer's Union	$3,294,410	$3,274,785
As of January 11, 2005. Source: [1]

*Joint Victory Campaign 2004 is a joint fund-raising committee run by America Coming Together and the Media Fund. Money raised by JVC is divided between these two beneficiaries. Combining receipts for these three groups would result in double-counting.

[edit] Top 20 527 groups, 2006 election cycle

Rank F / E	Name	Current Fundraising	Current Expenditures
1 / 1	Service Employees International Union	$20,476,280	$23,209,043
2 / 2	American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees	$17,923,404	$16,288,863
3 / 4	America Votes	$10,410,333	$9,074,357
4 / 6	EMILY's List	$10,109,275	$8,088,793
5 / 8	Club for Growth	$6,963,089	$6,873,134
6 / 3	Progress For America	$6,175,025	$12,191,560
7 / 11	Economic Freedom Fund	$6,175,025	$3,998,189
8 / 12	International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers	$4,687,033	$3,888,692
9 / 7	America Coming Together	$4,494,107	$6,994,119
10 / 24	International Union of Operating Engineers	$3,596,780	$1,356,965
11 / 14	Laborers' International Union of North America	$3,110,960	$3,075,210
12 / 5	College Republican National Committee	$3,037,581	$8,592,957
13 / 9	GOPAC	$2,306,726	$6,466,886
14 / 19	United Food and Commercial Workers	$2,085,000	$1,579,624
15 / 18	Sheet Metal Workers International Association	$1,952,623	$1,824,083
16 / 16	Gay & Lesbian Victory Fund	$1,937,310	$2,227,694
17 / 17	Grassroots Democrats	$1,863,083	$2,178,816
18 / 38	League of Conservation Voters	$1,845,000	$750,625
19 / 27	New Democrat Network	$1,719,204	$1,193,905
20 / 23	Lantern Project	$1,665,050	$1,384,310
22 / 15	National Federation of Republican Women	$1,482,408	$2,667,155
47 / 10	Citizens United	$498,582	$4,927,484
- / 20	Media Fund	$425,000	$1,550,469
- / 13	National Education Association	$36,841	$3,589,432
As of October 23, 2006. Source: [2]