4D - Time-lapsed series of 3D earth models

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4D consists of time-lapsed 3D series of solid models generated from measured data, to represent the state of the subject body at two or more different times. This method is often used in petroleum exploration and production as well as in medical imaging to observe the changes that has taken place over time.

In petroleum production, 4D is accomplished by re-acquisition of 3D seismic data over a producing field, for comparison with one or more earlier surveys in order to visualize how effectively the oil reservoir has been drained, and to identify areas of by-passed petroleum that should be targeted.

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