2nd of Khordad Movement

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Second of Khordad Movement refers to an Iranian political movement that started with the seventh presidential election. It promoted democracy, the rule of law, and pluralism in Iran.

Contents

[edit] Reform movement

2nd of Khordad Movement is a term that usually refers not only to the political parties of the reforms front, but to anyone who was a supporter of the 1997 reform programs of Khatami. The reforms front consists of several political parties, some of the most famous of which include:

The front is coordinated by the Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front.

[edit] Background

Many Iranian intellectuals were involved in establishing a foundation for the movement. Perhaps the most influential figure was Abdolkarim Soroush. For many years his was the only voice that publicly criticized the regime's policies. His regular lectures at Tehran University used to enjoy the attendance of many Iranian students who later generated the 2nd of Khordad movement. Many famous figures of the movement belong to the Soroush circle. However, at the rise of 2nd of Khordad movement, Saeed Hajjarian acted as the main theorist behind the movement and the main sterategist in Khatami's camp.

[edit] The Presidential election

Mohammad Khatami was elected president on May 23, 1997. Khatami won largely due to the female and youth vote, who voted for him because he promised to improve the status of women and respond to the demands of the young generation in Iran.

Khatami is regarded as Iran's first reformist president, since the focus of his campaign was on the rule of law, democracy and the inclusion of all Iranians in the political decision-making process.

[edit] Assassination Attempt on Saeed Hajjarian

Very soon after the rise of 2nd of Khordad movement, the conservatives opposing Khatami came to the conclusion that Hajjarian was the main strategist of the reformist camp. This led to his attempted assassination on the doorstep of Tehran's city council in March, 2000. He was shot in the face by a gunman who fled on a motor-cycle with an accomplice. The bullet entered through his left cheek and lodged in his neck. He was not killed but was "badly paralyzed"[1] for some time. During his coma, groups of young Iranians kept a vigil outside Sina hospital, where he was being treated. Due to this injury, Hajjarian now uses a walking frame and his voice is distorted[2][3].

His assailant Saeed Asgar, a young man who was reported to be a member of the Basij militia, was later arrested and sentenced to 15 years in jail. He was released after spending only a short term in prison.[1][2]

[edit] Ganji and Alijenabane Khakestari va Sorkhpoosh

"Alijenabe Sorkhpoosh, Alijenabane Khakestari" (Meaning: The Grey Eminence, The Red Eminence) is name of series of article written by Akbar Ganji in newspaper under the responsibility of Saeed Hajjarian, in which they criticized the high ranking authorities of Islamic Republic. The article cost Akbar Ganji 6 years of imprisonment.

[edit] 18 Tir crisis

see main article: Iran student protests, July 1999

July 8, (18 Tir) crisis, refers to a demonstration happened in Tehran University dormitory in reaction to closing a newspaper by the regime. Demonstrations continued for a few days in most cities in Iran and in more than ninety-five countries worldwide. The demonstration ended in violence and the death of a young Iranian citizen along with many casualties. It was Iran's biggest anti-government demonstrations since the 1979 Islamic revolution.

[edit] 6th Parliament

In this parliament reformist enjoyed a majority. Due to disqualifing many candidates for next election, more than 100 MPs resigned at once.

[edit] 27 khordad election

In this election, Mostafa Moin and Mehdi Karroubi were the main candidates to lead the 2nd of Khordad movement. However they failed to succeed in election as many supporters of the movement lost their hope and did not participate in the election.

[edit] Aftermath

Saeed Hajjarian, who was the main theorist behind the movement believes the reform is dead at present time.

[edit] Notable figures

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/752624.stm BBC: Iran jails Hajjarian gunman (17 May 2000)
  2. ^ a b http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2134063.stm BBC: Iran's reformists warn of dictatorship (17 July 2002)
  3. ^ http://www.guardian.co.uk/Guardian/gallery/image/0,8543,-11205218336,00.html Hajjarian casting his ballot in the 2005 election
v • d • e
Mohammad Khatami
Politics 1997 presidential election · 2001 presidential election
Policies Reforms · May of 1997 Reform Movement · Islamist democracy · Iranian reformists
Speeches Video clips
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