2nd Canadian Regiment
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| 2nd Canadian Regiment | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1775-1783 |
| Allegiance | Continental Congress of the United States |
| Type | Infantry |
| Part of | Continental Army |
| Nickname | Congress's Own |
| Battles/wars | Battle of Trois-Rivières, Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Yorktown |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders |
Colonel Moses Hazen |
| Canadian theater, 1775–1776 |
|---|
| Ticonderoga – Crown Point – Longue-Pointe – Fort St. Jean – Quebec – Les Cèdres – Vaudreuil – Trois-Rivières – Valcour Bay – Fort Cumberland |
| Participation in the Philadelphia campaign, 1777–1778 |
|---|
| Brandywine – Germantown – White Marsh – Matson's Ford |
| Participation in the Southern theater, 1781 |
|---|
| Yorktown |
The 2nd Canadian Regiment, also known as Congress' Own or Hazen's Regiment, was raised on January 20, 1776 at Montreal, Quebec for service with the Continental Army under the command of Colonel Moses Hazen. They saw action at the Battle of Trois-Rivières, Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Germantown and the Battle of Yorktown. During the winter of 1778-1779 the men were in winter quarters in Redding, CT at Putnam Memorial state park. The regiment was disbanded November 15, 1783 at West Point, New York.
[edit] Origins
Late in 1775, Colonel James Livingston raised and commanded a regiment of Canadian refugees which fought at St. John's, Quebec in support of General Montgomery's invasion of Canada. Livingston's 300 Canadians and 50 Americans were instrumental in the fall of Fort Chambly. Livingston participated in the action at Quebec. On January 3, 1776, Congress commissioned him Colonel and his organization became known as the Canadian Regiment. The regiment went on to fight at Fort Stanwix, at Stony Point and at Verplanck's Point as well as in both battles of Saratoga [55].
The 2nd Canadian Regiment was authorized 20 January 1776 in the Continental Army and was assigned to the Canadian Department. Organized 10 February 1776 at Montreal, Canada, to consist of four battalions (twenty companies) from the Richelieu and St. Lawrence Valleys[1]
Moses Hazen was the first commander of the 2nd Canadian Regiment. He had served as a Lieutenant in the 44th Regiment during the French-Indian War and was receiving a half-pay pension from this British service. In 1775 he was living on this pension and the income from his growing estate in St. Johns, Quebec when the Continentals invaded Canada. Hazen's estate was plundered and his property destroyed. Hazen was incarcerated for forty-four days and finally released by General Montgomery. Congress partially compensated Hazen by offering him command of the 2nd Canadian Regiment. Hazen accepted this command, forfeiting his British half-pay [54].
During much of the War, the 2nd Canadian Regiment was known as Congress's Own Regiment and Livingston's organization continued to be known as the Canadian Regiment. Livingston's organization, depleted, was reduced on January 1, 1781, and the Canadian elements of it seemingly went then to Hazen's organization which then was officially called the Canadian Regiment [55].
[edit] Hazen's Regiment
June 1776: Left Canada for Crown Point.[2][3] Relieved 2 July 1776 from the Canadian Department and assigned to the Northern Department [1]. Sent to Fort Ticonderoga in July 1776, Albany in September 1776 and Fishkill, New York for winter quarters [5] [12].
Relieved 12 November 1776 from the Northern Department and assigned to the Highlands Department. Reorganized 1 January 1777 to consist of four battalions (20 companies) recruited at large. Relieved 8 January 1777 from the Highlands Department and assigned to the Main Army. Assigned 22 May 1777 to the 2d Maryland Brigade, an element of the Main Army [1].
The regiment was at Princeton, NJ as early as May 19, 1777 [23].
[edit] Skirmish at Hanover
In August 1777 Hazen's Regiment, as part of Sullivan's Division, was encamped at Hanover, New Jersey. Sergeant Colin McLachlan recalled how they attacked the enemy, "I was in several skirmishes and engagements, such as surprising the enemy at Hanover in 1777 where severals of them were either killed or wounded, by only two small companies under the command of Captains Heron and Chambers, without the loss of any on our side." [52]
[edit] Battle of Staten Island
Several of the regiment's companies participated in the Battle of Staten Island on August 22, 1777. as explained in a letter from Samuel Chase to Thomas Johnson:
"25 Aug 1777 This Moment, while writing, Colo. Hazen showed Me a Letter, giving an account of an attempt by Gen. Sullivane on the Enemy on Staten Island last Thursday. One party under Colo. Ogden of 500, surprised the Enemy, killed a few, made 100 prisoners & returned. Sullivane commanded Deborres Brigade, he killed 5 & made 30 prisoners. Gen. Smallwood had no Luck. He was discovered & the Enemy escaped. So far Success. About 9 o'Clock the two Brigades joined, & began to cross at the old blazing Starr. Before all our Men got over, the Enemy came up & attacked 150 of our Men. Our People behaved bravely, drove the Enemy several Times, but were overpowered. We had but a few killed. We lost 130 privates prisoners. Colo. Antill, Major Woodson, Major Stewart, Major Tillard, Capt. Carlisle, & Duffee a Surgeons Mate are taken. Capt. Hoven, Lieut. Campbell, Lt. Anderson & Ensign Lee were not mentioned in the flagg & are suffered to be killed. Several Field & Commd. officers fell into our Hands. The above is the substance of the Letter. [40]
Hazen's Regiment's casualty loss was 8 officers and 40 men. Also captured was Captain James Herron [5]. Lt. Col. Antill would not be exchanged until November 2, 1780) [12].
Old Blazing Star was the site of a Landing at the present-day town of Carteret, New Jersey. The Blazing Star Ferry crossed the Arthur Kill to the present-day town of Rossville, New York here. The Old Blazing Star Inn was on the New Jersey side. This was the crossing point for General Sullivan's men.
Of note, a second ferry crossing was about one mile to the north, also in present-day Carteret, New Jersey. Its ferry went to present-day Travis, New York. The New Blazing Star Inn was located on Staten Island at what is now the foot of Victory Boulevard [46] [48] [49] [50].
[edit] Battle of Brandywine
On September 11, 1777, battalion of 200 of Hazen's Regiment was sent a mile north of Jones's Ford to cover Wistar's Ford. Another Hazen battalion of 200 men was posted at Buffington's Ford about a mile north of Wistar's Ford. Situated just below the forks of the Brandywine, Buffington's was the northernmost ford Washington deemed passable by the British [7]. Hazen's troops spotted British troops in a flanking maneuver and crossing the Brandywine River. A report sent forward to George Washington who initially did not believe this intelligence despite its corraboration by Lieutenant Colonel James Ross [2] [5].
Hazen's Regiment fought valiantly during the Brandywine Battle as noted by the following British account:
It was during the retreat of Sullivan's men, that Colonel Moses Hazen's regiment, which was known as the 'Infernals', faced down Hessian forces that were three times their number. They fired volley after volley into the mercenaries and covered the retreat of Sullivan's men. At the same time they marched toward the Colonial forces of Alexander and Stephen. The British advance was halted by Alexander and Stephen, but with darkness falling and a third of the rebel forces routed from the field the Redcoats continued to probe for weaknesses. They found it on the flanks of the hill. On both the right and left flanks of Osborne Hill, the British poured hundreds of fresh troops into the fray. Out manned and outgunned, the rebels began to falter. Then they retreated in order with Hazen's 'Infernals' covering the withdrawal. During the fighting, the Colonial's youngest general Marquis de Lafayette was wounded in the leg [20].
Hazen's Regiment casualty loss was 4 officers and 73 men [5].
Note: General William Alexander also known as Lord Stirling [45]
[edit] Battle of Germantown
Hazen's Regiment, as part of Sullivan's Division, participated in the Battle of Germantown on October 4, 1777 [5] [12]. The British were encamped at Germantown northwest of Philadelphia. On the evening of October 3rd, Washington ordered his troops, encamped at Skippack Creek on the north side of the Schuylkill River, to march 17 miles. Washington's plan was a surprise attack on the British at daybreak. The Americans would then descend upon Germantown from the north in four columns, under the commands of Generals Sullivan, Greene, Armstrong and Smallwood, along four main roads leading into Germantown. The main effort of the advance was to be General John Sullivan leading the column on the right and General Nathaniel Greene on the left. Sullivan's column, with the Continental troops of his own division and that of General Anthony Wayne, and followed by the reserve division under General Lord Stirling, were to advance down Germantown Road against Howe's center.
Hazen's Regiment was part of the platoon of the advanced party that first entered Germantown before the battle became general [53]. Unbeknownst to Washington, Greene and Smallwood columns had gotten lost. Washington himself accompanied Sullivan's force and, at 5 a.m., ordered him to launch the assault. The leading element of Sullivan's column, General Thomas Conway's brigade, attacked a British a Light Infantry battalion reinforced by the British 40th Regiment of Foot under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Musgrave.
The right at first met with success, driving the British advanced troops back on the main body at near the Chew House. Musgrave threw six companies of his regiment into this house, and General Agnew came up with his command. The Americans under Stirling attempted to dislodge Musgrave, thus losing time and alarming part of Sullivan's advance who had pushed farther forward in a dense fog.
Sullivan's column deployed with Wayne's division left of the Germantown Road, Conway's brigade to its right, and Sullivan's own division farther to the right. Fighting was difficult due to the brooks and fences obstructing the terrian and the fog thickened by gunsmoke limited visibility.
Americans bypassed the Chew House strongpoint and rapidly advanced toward Market Square at the intersection of Germantown Road and Schoolhouse Lane where the center of Howe's forces was located. Armstrong's column fired cannon at Hessians on Howe's left flank. Toward Howe's center, the British moved into stone houses on Germantown Road and opened a steady fire on the long line of Sullivan's, Conway's and Wayne's men. The American line advanced and weakened enemy resistance.
However, General Stephen, who commanded a brigade of Greene's division, fired on Wayne's men, mistaking them for the enemy. A panic soon spread through the army, and a general retreat was ordered. The British saw their sudden advantage, re-formed, and pursued the Americans for several miles. [42] [43] [44]. Hazen's Regiment casualty loss was 3 officers and 19 men [5].
[edit] Winter 1777 - 1778 - Wilmington, Delaware
On December 21, 1777, Hazen's Regiment and a detachment of the Maryland Line under the command of General William Smallwood (2nd Maryland Brigade) arrived at Wilmington, Delaware to protect the city from the British [5]. They encamped at the present-day Brandywine Park in Wilmington [6]. The highlight of this time included Smallwood's capture of the British armed brigate ship "Symetry" on December 30, 1777. This ship was laden with supplies enroute to Philadelphia [37].
[edit] New York 1778
On January 24, 1778 Washington ordered Hazen's Regiment to Albany, New York [16]. Relieved 28 January 1778 from the 2d Maryland Brigade and assigned to the Northern Department [1]. In February 1778, the regiment went to Albany, NY for the abortive Canadian campaign. It traveled to Albany via Valley Forge and Bethleham [5] [12]. Relieved 4 April 1778 from the Northern Department and assigned to the Highlands Department [1]. On April 7, 1778 the regiment went to West Point, NY [5] [12]. Relieved 22 July 1778 from the Highlands Departmend and assigned to the New Hampshire Brigade, an element of the Main Army [1]. In July 1778 the regiment was sent to White Plains to help guard New York City [5] [12].
During the autumn a large shipment of clothing and shoes arrived from France. After a lottery was held in October, Hazen's regiment were issued the uniform of brown coats faced with red [5] [30].
[edit] Winter 1778 - 1779 Danbury, Connecticut
In November 1778, Hazen's Regiment was ordered to Connecticut where it encamped at Redding - Danbury for winter quarters. Today, this is the site of Putnam Memorial State Park. More than 100 piles of stone in the area of the park known as the "Encampment Site" is believed to mark the locations of the huts that sheltered troops from the New Hampshire Brigade of Enoch Poor and the 2nd Canadian Regiment . A weekly return for the brigade dated December 26, 1778 states that 162 men in Hazen's regiment were "unfit for duty for want of shoes" [4] [5] [12].
Relieved 6 March 1779 from the New Hampshire Brigade and assigned to the Northern Department [1]. Hazen's command seems to have been the first to break camp in the spring, as the following indicates:
Head Quarters, Reading, March 21, 1779. Col. Hazen's Regt. will march to Springfield in 3 Divisions by the shortest notice: the first Division will march on Monday next, and the other two will follow on Thursday and Friday next, Weather permitting, and in case the detached parties join the Regt. Col. Hazen will take with him one peice of Cannon and a proportionable Number of Artillery men. [18]
From Springfield Hazen marched to Charlestown, New Hampshire and picked up cothing and supplies. He departed Charlestown on April 26, 1779 [5].
[edit] Coös Country
In May 1779 Hazen's Regiment arrived in Vermont to build a road from the Connecticut River to St. John's, Quebec. He had been secretly ordered to this region, known as Coos, Coös, Cohas, Cohase, Cohoes, or "Coos Country" by Washington in April. Also ordered here for road construction were a large portion of Colonel Timothy Bedel's regiment (New Hampshire Line) and Major Benjamin Whitcomb's New Hampshire rangers.
Colonel Jacob Bayley had begun this road years earlier. In 1760, during the French-Indian War, the then-Lieutenant Colonel Jacob Bayley had troops in the area, including Moses Hazen's brother [5] Captain John Hazen and Lieutenant Timothy Bedel. These men were impressed with the fertile valley. As it winds its way from its headwaters near the Canadian border, the Connecticut River makes two dramatic oxbows in the town of Haverhill. In 1761, Bayley settled land on the west side of the Connecticut River and Hazen and Bedel settled land on the east side. These settlements formed the area known as Lower Coös, known today as the towns of Newbury, Vermont and Haverhill, New Hampshire [57] [58].
Hazen's objective was to extend a road in a northwest direction following the general path of an old Cohâssiac Indian trail from Lower Coös to St. Johns, Quebec. The road would cut through the heavily-forested Upper Connecticut Valley in Vermont known as Upper Coös [59]. Today, this region is known as the Northeast Kingdom.
The village of Peacham was the base of operations for the military road project and Moses Hazen had his military stores here. The road actually started at the town of Wells River on the Connecticut River just north of Newbury. Blockhouses were built at Peacham, Cabot, Walden and Greensboro. Hazen made requisition upon the selectmen of the river towns to provide teams for the movement of his stores. Wells were dig at various points, swamps were bridged with logs and the road made passable for teams. Hazen encamped for some time on the present site of Lowell village, and the place was called by him, "The Camp at the End of the Road," although its actual terminus is some miles further on.
The road crossed the topographical feature of the state called the Vermont Piedmont featuring rolling hills and valleys with isolated mountains. On June 22, 1779 it was reported that Hazen with half his men were within 40 miles of St. John's. Hazen's Regiment was relieved 28 August 1779 from the Northern Department and assigned to the Main Army. As a result, the regiment never completed the road. The 54-mile "Bayley-Hazen road" ended at a site now known as Hazen's Notch. This is in an area where the topography begins to transition from the Vermont Piedmont to the Green Mountains [1] [3] [5] [12] [34] [35] [60].
In the Fall, Hazen put charges of corruption and mismanagement on Isaac Tichenor, deputy commissioner of purchases at Coos; General Bayley, deputy quarter-master-general, and Matthew Lyons, deputy commissioner of issues. Hazen's Regiment were poorly supplied the whole summer at Coös. Supplies of beef arrived spoiled and Hazen sent his men into the fields to help with the harvest so they could eat. Courtmartials were later held [5] [36].
In October 1779 the regiment was ordered to Peekskill, New York [5] [12].
[edit] Winter 1779 - 1780 Jockey Hollow
Assigned 25 November 1779 to Hand's Brigade, an element of the Main Army[1]. In November 1779 Hazen's Regiment was ordered to Morristown, New Jersey for the Winter of 1779 - 1780 where they experienced severe shortages of food provisions. This site, also known as "Jockey Hollow," is Morristown National Historic Park [5] [8] [9] [12].
On January 14, 1780, they participated on a "commando" raid of Staten Island planned in secrecy by Washington and led by Lord Stirling. The object of the raid was to surprise attack the enemy at the Watering Place Redoubts and to secure provisions. Preparations for the raid called for the enemy's attention to be focused on Irvine's detachment in the vicinity of Elizabethtown, and Hazens Regiment marching to Connecticut Farms (today called Union). Meanwhile, Stewards detachment would advance into Staten Island and Stirling's forces would then push to Richmond, Staten Island where they would surprise enemy troops.
Lord Stirling had intelligence that the enemy had a force of about 1,000 men with the main body in huts near the Watering Place Redoubts. These were three British circular redoubts, double-abatised, with about 200 men each located at present-day Fort Hill Circle in St. George, just north of Tompkinsville (32,000 British troops landed at Tompkinsville, vicinity Bay Street and Victory Boulevard in July 1776). About 200 of the Queen's Rangers were at Richmond and 100 men of Buskirks Regiment were at Decker's Ferry Fort located in Port Richmond near the ferry landing to Bayonne, New Jersey [27] [51].
Around midnight of the 14th, loaded with cannon and about 1,500 - 3,000 troops, American forces crossed over the frozen ice of the Kill Van Kull waterway from Elizabethtown Point using five hundred sleds. It was a starry night. Loyalist spies gave the British notice of their approach and they retired to their posts. As a result, the enemy had the time to prepare a good defense. With the element of surprise gone, lingering on the island without covering, and with the snow 3 to 4 feet deep and the weather extremely cold, the raid was halted. American troops suffered minor frostbite injuries but brought back some seventeen prisoners, a few horses, a number of tents, several casks of wine and spirits, blankets and other stores [5] [23] [27] [28] [41] [46].
[edit] New York 1780
Hazen's Regiment spent the summer of 1780 at King's Ferry, New York [5] [12]. Regimental orderly books kept by the regiment show that it was at Morristown, Bryant's Tavern, Ramapo and Preakness during the April 23, 1780 to July 26, 1780 period [24]. Relieved 1 August 1780 from Hand's Brigade and assigned to the New Hampshire Brigade, an element of the Main Army [1 1].
On August 23, 1780 Baron Von Steuben arrested Hazen for halting his brigade on a march without permission. The army was on the march from Tappan to the Liberty Pole, a pre-war landmark located near Englewood when Hazen halted the march for his troops to drink water. Hazen was acquitted of charges [5].
100 of Hazen's soldiers, under command of Lieutenant William Torrey, were detailed to be present at the hanging of British spy Major John André on October 2, 1780 at Tappan, New York [5] [31] [32].
In the Fall of 1780 the regiment was headquartered at Nelson's Point (Garrison, New York; Garrison is directly across the Hudson River from West Point) [5] [15]. In November 1780, the regiment wintered at Fishkill, N.Y. [5] [10] [12]. Regimental orderly books show that during these periods the regiment had operations at Orangetown, Steeprapie and West Point during the September 16, 1780 to November 19, 1780 period and West Point during the October 5, 1780 thru March 5, 1781 period [24].
On one particular circumstance in October 1780, the regiment, along with the Second Light Dragoons, were ordered by General Heath at West Point to Pine's Bridge, a hamlet of Crompound (Amawalk) where they found no enemy. They sent scouts toward White Plains with similar negative results. Heath rewarded their efforts with "a hogshead of rum [5]."
[edit] Canadian Regiment
Reorganized and redesignated 1 January 1781 as the Canadian Regiment; concurrently relieved from the New Hampshire Brigade and assigned to the Highlands Department.
On January 22, 1781 Lieutenant Colonel Hull conducted a raid on a royal refugee corps led by Lieutenant Colonel Oliver De lancey posted at Morrisania (present-day Bronx, New York) where it burned the enemies' barracks, capturing fifty-two prisoners and taking large supplies of ammunition and forage. The enemy consisting of nearly 1,000 men pursued Hull's troops, and fell in with a covering party of 100 men, under command of Colonel Hazen. Hazen allowed the enemy to pass their place of concealment and, at Hazen's command, fired upon them. In the skirmish which ensued, British forces suffered the loss of about thirty-five men. [5] [12] [22] [25] [26].
On June 1, 1781, the regiment was sent from the West Point - Fishkill area to Albany and the Mohawk River Valley to guard against an expected British attack [12] [21]. Relieved 5 June 1781 from the Highlands Department and assigned to the Northern Department [1].
On June 29, 1781 Congress promoted Moses Hazen to Brigidier General by Brevet [14]. On July 5, 1781 the regiment arrived at Albany. The scare of an enemy attack at Albany had subsided and the regiment was immediately ordered to return to West Point [5] [12] [29].
[edit] Siege of Yorktown
Relieved 10 August 1781 from the Northern Department and assigned to the Main Army [1]. On August 19, 1781, Washington used Hazen's Regiment to feint preparations of an attack on New York. Hazen's regiment was thrown over the North River at Dobbs Ferry and ordered to march, together with the Jersey troops, and take post on the heights between Springfield and Chatham, in which position the detachment would cover a French bakery that had been set up at Chatham "to veil our real movements and create apprehensions for Staten Island." Meanwhile, the main body of the American Army was starting their southward movement toward Yorktown [5] [11] [12]. Hazen's Regiment was located near Kakiat for three days from August 22-25, 1781 [19].
The regiment then went down the Hudson River and joined the army on the way to Yorktown [10]. At midnight on September 2, 1781, 270 of Hazen's Regiment and other units arrived at Christiana Bridge over the Delaware. The units unloaded the boats and transported supplies for the Continental Army to Elk Landing (present-day Elkton, Maryland) during the three days before the boat carriages arrived [5] [13]. Assigned 24 September 1781 to Hazen's Brigade, an element of the Main Army [1]. After cantonement at Williamsburg, Hazen's Regiment arrived at Yorktown on September 28, 1781 [5].
The regiment subsequently took part in the siege under the command of Lt. Colonel Antill as part of Hazen's Brigade under Lafayette's Division [5] [10] [12]. According to La Fayette's own account the Americans did not fire a gun, but only used the bayonet. Columns under Generals Peter Muhlenberg and Hazen, "advanced with perfect discipline and wonderful steadiness. The battalion of Colonel Vose deployed on the left. The remainder of the division and the rear-guard successively took their positions, under the fire of the enemy, without replying, in perfect order and silence [17]."
[edit] Winter 1781 - 1782: Guard Detail at Lancaster
Relieved 6 December 1781 from Hazen's Brigade and assigned to the Middle Department[1]. On this date, a portion of Hazen's Regiment went to Lancaster, Pennsylvania where they guarded prisoners captured at the Siege of Yorktown [1] [5] [12]. They were on this detail for 10 months with prisoners under guard at Lancaster, York and Reading [5] [10].
The most notable prisoner under Hazen's watch during this time was 20-year old Captain Charles Asgill. On May 3, 1782, upon orders by Washington, he was selected to hang in retaliation for the brutal summary execution of American Captain Joshua Huddy by the British. In November 1782 his life was spared after heart-rendering correspondence by his family and intervention by the queen of France [38] [39].
[edit] Winter 1782 - 1783 Pompton
November 1782: Regiment to Pompton, New Jersey for winter quarters [5] [12].
[edit] Furloughs
June 1783: Furloughing began with regiment at Pompton [5] [12]. Relieved 9 June 1783 from the Middle Department and assigned to the Highland's Department. Per Resolution of Congress 26 May 1783, 300 soldiers were discharged on June 9, 1783. However,no member of the regiment was going to depart, on furlough or discharge, until they received their pay. Members of the Regiment that remained were ordered to march to Washington's cantonement near New Windsor. [56].
Reorganized 30 June 1783 to consist of two companies [1]. Disbanded 15 November 1783 at West Point, New York [1].
[edit] Troop Strength
Note that the regiment never neared its authorized strength of 1,000 Men.
April 1, 1776: 250 Men
June 1777: 486 Men
August 1777: nearly 700 Men
January 1778: 592 Men and 44 Officers
February 20, 1778: 466 Men
Spring 1778: 720 Men
Autumn 1778: 522 Men and 33 Officers
January 1779: 491 Men and 44 Officers
Spring 1780: 401 Men
March 1781: 418 Men (162 Men and 16 Officers were Canadian volunteers) [5]
August - October 1781 (estimate) 200 Men (Regiment had estimated 4 - 6 Women followers) [33]
[edit] Casualties
Battle of Staten Island, August 22, 1777: 8 Officers and 40 Men. Lt. Col. Antill and Capt. Herron captured.
Battle of Brandywine, September 11, 1777: 4 Officers and 73 Men.
Battle of Germantown, October 4, 1777: 3 Officers and 19 Men.
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ National Park Service. 2d Canadian Regiment. Retrieved on January 3, 2007.
- ^ Alan S. Everest (1976). Moses Hazen and the Canadian Refugees in the American Revolution.
- ^ Grimshaw Origins and History. William Grimshaw, Veteran. Retrieved on January 4, 2007.
[edit] Sources
1. The Continental Army by Robert K. Wright Jr. published by the Center of Military History, 1983 http://www.army.mil/cmh/books/RevWar/ContArmy/CA-07.htm and 1989 excerpt http://www.nps.gov/york/historyculture/2dcanadian.htm
2. History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania by Henry Graham Ashmead, Philadelphia, L. H. Everts & Co, 1884 http://www.delcohistory.org/ashmead/ashmead_pg58.htm
3. Bayley-Hazen Road http://www.rootsweb.com/~vermont/HistoryHazenMilitaryRoad.html
4. Putnam State Park http://members.tripod.com/~compmast/putnam/map.html
5. Moses Hazen and the Canadian Refugees in the American Revolution. Alan S. Everest. Syracuse, N.Y., 1976.
6. Delaware State Marker (missing): http://www.state.de.us/sos/dpa/markers/ncc/ENCAMPMENT%20OF%20CONTINENTAL%20TROOPS%201777%20NC-7.shtml
7. http://www.ushistory.org/March/other/washpost.htm
8. "The Number of Rations Issued to the Women in Camp" http://www.revwar75.com/library/rees/wnumb2.htm
9. The Continental Army in Morris County in the Winter 1779-80 Edmund D. Halsey (1889) http://www.njreporter.org/archive/wanj1889.html
10. The Military Career of Capt. Anthony Selin By Steve Collward http://www.captainselinscompany.org/selinhistory.html
11. U.S. Army Center of Military History http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/RevWar/Yorktown/AWC-Ytn-14.htm
12. Private William Grimshaw (contains timeline of Hazen's Regiment based found in Everest's book, "Moses Hazen and the Canadian Refugees in the American Revolution" - see source No. 5 ) http://www.grimshaworigin.org/WebPages/WilmRev1.htm
13. History of the W3R (1780-1783) and Modern Tour Routes along the W3R http://www.rsar.org/history/w3r/hist-05.htm
14. Journals of the Continental Congress --Friday, June 29, 1781, http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc02055))
16. Project Gutenberg http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/mirror-redirect?file=1/8/5/9/18592/18592.zip
17. Seizure of Redoubts 9 and 10, Yorktown 1781 http://xenophongroup.com/mcjoynt/9and10.htm
18. History of Redding, Connecticut, Charles B. Todd http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ct/county/fairfield/redchap4.html
19. http://www.hudsonrivervalley.net/AMERICANBOOK/Methodology.html
20. Battle of Brandywine, Pennsylvania, USA http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A482401
21. Letters of Lt. Col. Edward Antill http://www.iment.com/maida/familytree/antill/coledwardletters1783.htm
22. Adjutant Benjamin Mooers http://www.calarchives4u.com/organizations/sar/sar-j-p.htm
23. The Continental Army in Morris County in the Winter 1779-80 Edmund D. Halsey (1889) http://www.njreporter.org/archive/wanj1889.html
24. Index of the original Orderly Books for Hazen's Regiment: http://www.revwar75.com/ob/canada.htm#cn-02
25. http://www.historycarper.com/resources/american_revolution_timeline.htm
26. http://www.americanrevolution.org/t1781.html
27. http://www.nps.gov/archive/morr/smith/gwpaperproject.htm Lord Stirling's January 12, 1780 letter detailing his plan for the raid on Staten Island.
28. Morristown National Historic Park, "Jockey Hollow: the "Hard" Winter of 1779—80" http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/hh/7/hh7c1.htm
29. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mgw:@field(DOCID+@lit(wd0376))
30. http://www.srcalifornia.com/uniforms/p4.htm
31. http://www.johnsteelegordon.com/genealogy/n_0.html
32. John André
33. http://www.revwar75.com/library/rees/proportion.htm
34. Schoharie County NYGenWeb Site, History of Schoharie County by Jeptha R. Simms, 1845, Chapter XIX http://www.rootsweb.com/~nyschoha/simms19.html
35. History of Ryegate, Vermont Chapter IX http://www.electricscotland.com/History/ryegate/9.htm
36. Letters of Delegates to Congress: Volume: 14 October 1, 1779 - March 31, 1780 http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(dg014508))
37. Letters of Delegates to Congress: Volume 8 September 19, 1777 - January 31, 1778 http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(dg008464))
38. New Jersey during the Revolution; The Asgill Affair http://www.doublegv.com/ggv/Asgil.html
39. Washington, George, 1732-1799. The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources http://etext.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=WasFi24.xml&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=218&division=div1
40. Letters of Delegates to Congress: Volume 7 May 1, 1777 - September 18, 1777 http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(dg007461))
41. Lossing's Field Book of the Revolution http://freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~wcarr1/Lossing1/Chap14.html#e009a
42. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/ppet/germantown/page2.asp?secid=31
43. Thrilling Incidents in American History http://www.generalatomic.com/AmericanHistory/battle_of_germantown.html
44. http://www.usahistory.info/Revolution/Morristown.html
46. The New York Public Library http://www.nypl.org/branch/staten/index2.cfm?Trg=1&d1=962&template=StatenIslandOldNames
47. "Staten Island Timeline - 1700s," New York Public Library http://www.nypl.org/branch/staten/index2.cfm?Trg=1&d1=962&template=timeline3
48. "Forgotten NY Cemeteries" http://www.forgotten-ny.com/CEMETERIES/blazingstar/deadpool.html
49. http://historical.maptech.com/quad.cfm?quadname=Staten%20Island&state=NJ&series=15
50. http://www.geocities.com/naforts/nycity.html
51. "St. George, Staten Island, NY," New York Public Library http://www.nypl.org/branch/staten/index2.cfm?Trg=1&d1=962&template=StGeorgeNeighborhoodHistory
52.Sergeant Colin McLachlan http://boards.rootsweb.com/localities.northam.usa.states.newjersey.counties.morris/4304/mb.ashx
53. Sergeant Colin McLachlan http://genforum.genealogy.com/americanrev/messages/14427.html
54. "Memorial of Colonel Moses Hazen," Moses Hazen to George Washington, February 12, 1780 http://rs6.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwhome.html
55. The Canadians That Fought At Yorktown, National Park Service http://www.nps.gov/archive/colo/Ythanout/Canadians.htm
56. Hazen to Washington, June 12, 1783 http://rs6.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwhome.html
57. History of Coös County, New Hampshire, by Georgia Drew Merrill; Syracuse N.Y.: W.A. Fergusson & Co., 1888, 1888, 1018 pgs. http://www.nh.searchroots.com/documents/coos-history/History_Lancaster_NH.txt
58. Early History of Haverhill by Archie Steenburgh http://www.town.haverhill.nh.us/haverhill,nhoffi.html
59. Tidbits of History - New Hampshire http://www.avcnet.org/ne-do-ba/menh_nh.html
60. The Physiographic Regions of Vermont http://academics.smcvt.edu/vtgeographic/textbook/physiographic/physiographic_regions_of_vermont.htm
[edit] References
References from the U.S. Army Center for Military History: http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/reference/revbib/canad.htm
The movements of Hazen's Regiment August 18 - 26, 1781: http://www.hudsonrivervalley.net/AMERICANBOOK/March.html
Sergeant Major John Hawkins: Entries of state stores drawn for the non-commissioned officers and privates, Pennsylvanians in Col. Hazen's Regiment, Historical Society of Pennsylvania 1780.http://www2.hsp.org/collections/manuscripts/1000.htm
National Historic Registry nomination of Brandywine State Park in Wilmington, Delaware; site of Hazen's Regiment encampment December 1777 - February 1778. Brandywine Park (Wilmington, Delaware) http://72.14.209.104/search?q=cache:a62jQkZNEjwJ:www.dnrec.state.de.us/parks/NatlRegister/CONTINENTALARMYENCAMPMENT.pdf+Wilmington+Lovering+Ave.+Park&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1
Organization and Reorganization of Hazen's Regimental Companies: http://www.captainselinscompany.org/chronology.html
A very detailed account of Hazen's behaviour during the Battle of Brandywine http://www.historynet.com/historical_conflicts/3036856.html?page=2&c=y
A 1776 - 1777 map of Staten Island showing the British encampment http://www.altlaw.com/edball/nj_nymap.htm
Contemporary British accounts of the above-mentioned Staten Island battles can be found in the scanned text of the publication "Documents Relating the Revolutionary History - State of New Jersey" edited by William Nelson, 1914. The site is Providence University in Rhode Island http://digitalcommons.providence.edu/primary/3/
[edit] Veteran Records
Major Clément Gosselin http://www.biographi.ca/EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=36545&query=Clément%20AND%20Gosselin
Captain Anthony Selin http://64.233.187.104/search?q=cache:obvN123zjzIJ:www.captainselinscompany.org/pdfs/selinawi.pdf+Hazen%27s+regiment+winter+1780&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=17
Captain James Duncan http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~dobson/pa/pamercer.htm
Captain Richard Lloyd and Lieutenant James Anderson http://www.njstatelib.org/NJ_Information/Searchable_Publications/reg/NJREGn58.html
Captain Antoine Paulin http://www.quintinpublications.com/histories_la.html
Captain Robert Burns http://www.angelfire.com/nf/burnscharles/jamesburnsesq.html
Captain Isaac Wright, Surgeon Nicholas Schuyler, Liet. William Stuart, Privates James Ryan and John Steinheiser http://www.fort-plank.com/Non_Mohawk_Val_Pens_N_Z.html
First Lieutenant Alexander Sloan http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=sloanguy&id=I036617
Lieutenant François Martin Pelland - "17th Company" http://www.cyberbeach.net/~jrpellan/pellan2.htm
Ensign Thomas Bell http://www.accessgenealogy.com/scripts/data/database.cgi?file=Data&report=SingleArticle&ArticleID=0001780
Paymaster Robert Dill, http://www.dill-family-reunion.org/~dillfamr/military/revolutionary.html
Officer Henry Force http://www.njstatelib.org/NJ_Information/Searchable_Publications/reg/NJREGn194.html
Quartermaster Sergeant Colin McLachlan http://genforum.genealogy.com/hazen/messages/353.html
Sergeant Benjamin King http://iagenweb.org/history/sar/SAR1912pg4.htm
Private William Grimshaw http://www.grimshaworigin.org/WebPages/WilmRev1.htm
Berks County, Pennsylvania estates of soldiers Tobias Fellows, John Hariholt, John Getzelman, Francis Larkens, Godfrey Misner, James Burt, Jeremiah Alder, Joseph Willard, Andreas Willier, Godfrey Jones, Timothy Scott, John Carrigan, Antonio Karbash, Bernard Bactbiner, Peter Sleiger, Charles Champaign, Byard Hubert, Bernhard Bredbinner http://www.rootsweb.com/~paberks/wills/Admins1791-1795.html
Musician Peter Bernard Varley http://www.varley.org/site-france.htm
Private William Perkins http://www.tngenweb.org/revwar/counties/hawkins.htm
Private Joseph Hennigan http://www.angelfire.com/in2/horton/
Private Patrick McGee http://www.mymcgee.com/mcgeesoldiers.html
Private Godfrey Johnes/Johns, (Rank unknown) John Johns, Private Pierre Johnnes/Johannes http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~johns/njfrg/military/revoluti.htm
Private Augustin Charbonneau (A.K.A. Austin Cherbino, Augustine Charbonneau, and Austin Charbono), Phillip Lieber's Company http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~charbonneau/
Private David Murray http://www.archives.state.al.us/al_sldrs/m_list.html
Private Henry Miller http://www.rootsweb.com/~nygreen2/rw_-_more_men_of_the_rev.htm
Pierre Paulin http://www.voileevasion.qc.ca/lake_champlain_toponymy.htm
Private Jeremiah Parmelee, Captain Munson's Company http://www.geocities.com/mrjimwalters/f-warrev.html#jeremiah2
Abel Davis, Jr. and Abel Davis, Sr. http://www.nh.searchroots.com/HillsboroughCo/Merrimack/documents/Revolution-Merrimacknh.txt
Michael Welch http://www.rootsweb.com/~ctlitch2/RevWar/newmilford.htm
Soldier Christopher Brady http://www.mayflowerfamilies.com/documentcenter/connecticut_documents_8.htm
Heinrich Hennecke and Johan Henrich Leibheit (German Auxiliary Soldiers) http://pages.prodigy.net/halschwalm/jshacomb.html
