1900

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This article is about the year 1900. For the film, see 1900 (film).

Centuries:	18th century - 19th century - 20th century
Decades:	1870s  1880s  1890s  - 1900s -  1910s  1920s  1930s
Years:	1897 1898 1899 - 1900 - 1901 1902 1903

1900 by topic:

Arts

Architecture - Art - Film - Literature Music (Country ) - Television

Science and technology

Archaeology - Aviation Meteorology - Rail transport - Science

By country

Australia - Canada - India Ireland - Malaysia - New Zealand - Singapore - South Africa - UK - Wales - Zimbabwe

Other topics

Awards - Sport - Law - State leaders - Sovereign states - Religious leaders

Birth and death categories

Births - Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments - Disestablishments

Works category

Works v • d • e

1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 12-day faster until Wednesday, February 28 [O.S. February 16, 1900] 1900, but 13-day faster since Thursday, March 1 [O.S. February 17, 1900] 1900, than the Julian calendar.

Contents 1 Events of 1900 1.1 January 1.2 February 1.3 March 1.4 April 1.5 May 1.6 June 1.7 July 1.8 August 1.9 September 1.10 October 1.11 November 1.12 December 1.13 World population 2 Births 2.1 January-June 2.2 July-December 3 Deaths 3.1 January - June 3.2 July - December 3.3 Unknown dates 4 External links 5 Notes

[edit] Events of 1900

[edit] January

• January 1 - Nigeria becomes a British electorate.
• January 2
  • The first Electric bus becomes operational in New York City.
  • John Hay announces the Open Door Policy to promote trade with China.
  • Chicago Canal opens.
• January 3 - British Royal Yacht, Victoria and Albert capsizes as it leaves port.
• January 4 - Strikes in Belgium and Germany lead to mining riots.
• January 5
  • Irish leader John Edward Redmond calls for a revolt against British rule.
  • Dr Henry A. Rowland of Johns Hopkins University discovers the cause of the Earth's magnetism.
• January 6
  • It is reported that millions are starving in India.
  • Boers attack Ladysmith - over 1000 people were killed.
• January 8 - United States President William McKinley places Alaska under military rule.
• January 9
  • The first through train runs from Cairo to Khartoum.
  • Influenza strikes London.
• January 10 - Lord Roberts becomes Army chief in the Boer War.
• January 12 - In India, three and a quarter million people are receiving famine relief.
• January 13 - Kaiser of Germany declares that German is the command language in the German army.
• January 14 - Premier presentation of opera Tosca in Rome - actors have received death threats and nameless letters.
• January 15 - The Hippodrome theatre opens in the Charing Cross Roads in London.
• January 16
  • The United States Senate accepts the Anglo-German treaty of 1899 in which the United Kingdom renounced its claims to the Samoan islands.
  • George Griffin becomes the first Australian ever to be killed in the Boer War.
• January 17 - Brigham H. Roberts is refused a seat in the House of Representatives because of his Polygamy.
• January 23 - 5000 Austrian miners go on strike.
• January 24
  • Battle of Spion Kop in Second Boer War.
  • The governments in London and Pretoria begin negotiations to end the Second Boer War.
• January 26 - The Labor League Conference opens in Sydney, Australia with plans to form a Federal Labor Party.
• January 27 - Boxer Rebellion: Foreign diplomats in Peking China demand that the Boxer rebels be disciplined.
• January 29 - The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs is organized in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with eight founding teams.
• January 30 - United Kingdom forces fighting Boers in South Africa ask for reinforcements.
• January 31 - An outbreak of the bubonic plague intensifies in cities throughout Australia.

[edit] February

• February 1 - Western Australia refuses to join the Federation unless given 5 years of fiscal freedom.
• February 2 - First performance of Gustave Charpentier's opera, Louise.
• February 3
  • Gubernatorial candidate William Goebel is assassinated in Frankfort, Kentucky. Former Secretary of State Caleb Powers was later found guilty in a conspiracy to kill Goebel.
  • Strikers in Aachen, Vienna and Brussels demand an 8 hour working day and higher wages.
• February 5
  • Britain and the United States sign a treaty for the building of a Central American shipping canal through Nicaragua.
  • The British House of Commons vote of censure over the Britain's handling of the Second Boer War is defeated by a majority of 213.
• February 6 - The international arbitration court at The Hague is created when the Netherlands' Senate ratifies an 1899 peace conference decree.
• February 8 - British troops are defeated by Boers at Ladysmith, South Africa.
• February 9 - Dwight F. Davis creates the Davis Cup tennis tournament.
• February 11 - Second Boer War: Colonel Hannay begins invasion of Orange Free State with march from Orange River to Ramdam.
• February 12 - Meeting held in Mile End, London to protest against the Second Boer War ends in uproar.
• February 14
  • Russia responds to international pressure to free Finland by tightening imperial control over the country.
  • Second Boer War: In South Africa, 20,000 British troops invade the Orange Free State.
• February 16 - Appearance of "Savrola (A Tale of Revolution in Laurania)", the first (and only) novel of Winston Spencer Churchill.
• February 17 - Battle of Paardeberg in the Second Boer War.
• February 18
  • Harry Vardon becomes world golf champion.
  • A man claims that X-rays have cured his cancer.
• February 19 - Alfred von Tirpitz says the German fleet "must be strong enough to ensure its mastery of the North Sea".
• February 22 - Hawaii officially becomes a territory of the United States.
• February 23
  • Second Boer War: Battle of Hart's Hill - In South Africa the Boers and British troops battle.
  • The bubonic plague in Australia continues to casue deaths - last case reported was fatal.
• February 26 - The Grand Theatre, Islington is destroyed by fire.
• February 27
  • The British Labour Party is formed.
  • Boer War: In South Africa, British military leaders receive an unconditional notice of surrender from Boer General Piet Cronje.
  • Ramsay MacDonald appointed secretary of newly formed British Labour Party.
• February 28 - British forces are reinforced in Ladysmith by the arrival of cavalry as the Boers began to retreat.

[edit] March

• March 2
  • The Pope condemns Boer War.
  • Groups of officials inspect towns around Australia in order to find the new Federal capital.
• March 3
  • Mining strike ends in Germany.
  • Classes open at The Training School for Christian Workers, which would become Azusa Pacific University.
• March 5 - Two U.S. cruisers are sent to Central America to protect US interests in a dispute between Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
• March 6
  • 'Baby-farmer' Ada Williams is hanged at Newgate prison for murdering a 19-month old girl.
  • A coal mine explosion in West Virginia traps 50 coal miners.
• March 7 - Fire at Buckingham Palace destroys part of its roof.
• March 8 - Rejoicing in London as Queen Victoria makes one of her rare visits.
• March 9 - Women in Germany demand right to participate in university entrance exams.
• March 13 - In the Second Boer War, Frederick Robert's British forces occupy Bloemfontein, Orange Free State.
• March 14
  • Boer leader Paul Kruger's peace overtures are rejected by the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Lord Salisbury.
  • Botanist Hugo de Vries rediscovers Mendel's laws of heredity.
• March 15
  • Prime Minister Lord Salisbury of the United Kingdom rejects U.S. President McKinley's offer to mediate in the Boer War.
  • The Gold Standard Act is ratified placing United States currency on the gold standard.
• March 16 - Sir Arthur Evans purchases the land on which the ruins of Knossos on Crete reside, for further excavation.
• March 19
  • In London, public subscription for new Government Boer War loan is £335m - 11 times the amount asked.
  • The British archaeologist Arthur Evans begins to unearth some of the palace of Knossos on the Greek island of Crete.
• March 24 - New York City Mayor Van Wyck breaks ground for a new underground "Rapid Transit Railroad" that would link Manhattan and Brooklyn.
• March 25 - The War of the Golden Stool erupts in the Ashanti Kingdom of West Africa between the Ashanti and British colonial forces.
• March 27
  • Arrival of a Russian fleet in Korea causes concern to Japanese government.
  • India in crisis as millions starve. The country turns to the Colonial Government for help as food supplies run out.
• March 28 - Over 1,000 tonnes of filth is removed from demolished Sydney, Australia buildings in areas that were effected by the bubonic plague outbreak.
• March 31 - In France, the length of a workday for women and children is limited to 11 hours by law.

[edit] April

• April 1
  • Every French policeman is assigned to carry a gun.
  • Irish Guards formed by Queen Victoria
  • King George of Greece becomes absolute monarch of Crete.
• April 4 - Anarchist shoots at the Prince of Wales during his visit to Belgium in the birthday celebrations of the king of Belgium.
• April 14 - Paris World Exhibition opens.
• April 22 - French forces defeat and kill Rabih az-Zubayr in the battle of Kousséri, thus guaranteeing French domination of Chad.
• April 26 - Great Lumber Fire of Ottawa-Hull.

[edit] May

• May 1 - Explosion of blasting powder in coal mine in Scofield, Utah kills 200
• May 2 - Oscar II, King of Sweden, declares support for Britain at the time of the Second Boer War.
• May 17
  • Second Boer War: British troops relieve Mafeking
  • Boxers destroy three villages near Peking and kill 60 Chinese Christians
• May 18
  • Boer delegation travels to USA to ask for assistance
  • The United Kingdom proclaims a protectorate over Tonga.
• May 21 - Russia invades Manchuria
• May 23 - Sergeant William Harvey Carney becomes the first African American to be awarded the Medal of Honor (awarded for heroism in the Battle of Fort Wagner during the American Civil War).
• May 24 - Second Boer War: British annex Orange Free State as Orange River Colony.
• May 25 - Boer soldiers vote for the continuance of the war
• May 28 - Boxers attack Belgian personnel in the Fengtai railway station
• May 29 - Chinese government condemns Boxers
• May 30 - Boxers occupy Tientsin
• May 31
  • Peacekeepers from various European countries arrive in China
  • British under Lord Robert occupy Johannesburg

[edit] June

• June 1 - Carrie Nation demolishes 25 saloons in Medicine Lodge
• June 5 - Boer War: British soldiers take Pretoria, South Africa.
• June 14
  • The Reichstag approves a second law that allows the expansion of the German navy.
  • Hawaii officially becomes a U.S. territory.
• June 20 - The Boxers gather about 20,000 people near Peking and kill hundreds of European citizens, including the German ambassador.
• June 30 - Piers of North German Lloyd Steamship line burned in Hoboken, New Jersey - 326 dead

[edit] July

• July 2 - First zeppelin flight on Lake Constance near Friedrichshafen, Germany
• July 5 - Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act passes British Parliament
• July 9 - Queen Victoria gives royal assent to Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act
• July 13 - Boxer Rebellion: In China, Tientsin is retaken by European Allies from the rebelling Boxers
• July 19 - The first line of the Métro is inaugurated in Paris.
• July 29 - In Italy, King Umberto I of Italy is assassinated by Italian-born anarchist Gaetano Bresci.
• July 30 - The Duke of Albany becomes Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha as Carl Eduard following the death of his uncle, Duke Alfred

[edit] August

• August 14 - An international contingent of troops, under British command, invades Peking and frees the Europeans taken hostage.
• August 27 - British defeat Boer commandos at Bergendal

[edit] September

• September 8 - Galveston Hurricane of 1900: a powerful hurricane hits Galveston, Texas killing about 8,000 people.
• September 13 - Philippine-American War: Filipino resistance fighters defeat a larger American column in the Battle of Pulang Lupa.
• September 17 - Philippine-American War: Filipinos under Juan Cailles defeat Americans under Colonel Benjamin F. Cheatham at Mabitac.
• September 25 - In the United Kingdom general election, the recently-formed Labour Party gains two seats, with Keir Hardie becoming MP for Merthyr Tydfil. Winston Churchill is elected to Parliament for the first time.

[edit] October

• October - The Norwegian inventor Johann Vaaler demands a patent for his invention, the paperclip.

[edit] November

• November 3
  • The first automobile show in the United States opened at New York's Madison Square Garden under the auspices of the Automobile Club of America.
  • Panama's separation from Colombia.
• November 6 - U.S. presidential election, 1900: Republican incumbent William McKinley is reelected by defeating Democrat challenger William Jennings Bryan.
• November 30 - Oscar Wilde dies.

[edit] December

• December 7 - Max Planck, in his house of Grünewald, Berlin's outskirts, discovered the law of black body emission.
• December 18 - The Upper Ferntree Gully to Gembrook Narrow-gauge (2 ft 6 in or 762 mm) Railway (now the Puffing Billy Railway) in Victoria, Australia opened for traffic.

[edit] World population

• World population: 1,650,000,000
  • Africa: 133,000,000
  • Asia: 947,000,000
  • Europe: 408,000,000
  • Latin-America: 74,000,000
  • Northern America: 82,000,000
  • Oceania: 6,000,000

[edit] Births

1900 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1900 MCM
Ab urbe condita	2653
Armenian calendar	1349 ԹՎ ՌՅԽԹ
Bahá'í calendar	56 – 57
Buddhist calendar	2444
Chinese calendar	4536/4596-12-1 (己亥年十二月初一日) — to — 4537/4597-11-10 (庚子年十一月初十日)
Ethiopian calendar	1892 – 1893
Hebrew calendar	5660 – 5661
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1955 – 1956
- Shaka Samvat	1822 – 1823
- Kali Yuga	5001 – 5002
Holocene calendar	11900
Iranian calendar	1278 – 1279
Islamic calendar	1317 – 1318
Japanese calendar	Meiji 33 (明治33年)
- Imperial Year	Kōki 2560 (皇紀2560年)
- Jōmon Era	11900
Julian calendar	1945
Korean calendar	4233
Thai solar calendar	2443
v • d • e

[edit] January-June

• January 1 - Mildred Davis, American actress (d. 1969)
• January 2 - William Haines, American actor (d. 1973)
• January 4 - James Bond (ornithologist) (d. 1989)
• January 5 - Yves Tanguy, French painter (d. 1955)
• January 16 -Edith Frank, German-Dutch mother of Anne Frank (d. 1945)
• January 25 - Theodosius Dobzhansky, Geneticist, evolutionary biologist (d. 1975)
• January 23 - William Ifor Jones, Welsh conductor and organist (d. 1988)
• January 26 - Karl Ristenpart, German conductor (d. 1967)
• January 27 - Hyman Rickover, American admiral (d. 1986)
• January 30 - Martita Hunt, actress (d. 1969)
• February 4 - Jacques Prévert, French lyricist and author (d. 1977)
• February 5 - Adlai Stevenson, American politician (d. 1965)
• February 11 - Hans-Georg Gadamer, German philosopher (d. 2002)
• February 12 - Roger J. Traynor, American judge (d. 1983)
• February 19 - Giorgos Seferis, Greek writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
• February 22 - Luis Buñuel, Spanish film director (d. 1983)
• February 28 - Wolfram Hirth, German pilot and aircraft designer (d. 1959)
• March 4 - Herbert Biberman, Jewish American screenwriter and film director (d. 1971)
• March 9 - Howard Aiken, American computing pioneer (d. 1973)
• March 19 - Frédéric Joliot, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 1958)
• March 23 - Erich Fromm, German-born psychologist and philosopher (d. 1980)
• March 29 - John McEwen, eighteenth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1980)
• March 31 - Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (d. 1974)
• April 2 - Roberto Arlt, Argentine writer (d. 1942)
• April 5 - Spencer Tracy, American actor (d. 1967)
• April 16 - Polly Adler, Russian author (d. 1962)
• April 25 - Wolfgang Ernst Pauli, Austrian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
• April 26 - Charles Richter, American geophysicist and inventor (d. 1985)
• April 27 – August Koern, Estonian statesman and diplomat (d. 1989)
• April 30 - Cecily Lefort, English World War II heroine (executed) (d. 1945)
• May 1 - Ignazio Silone, Italian author (d. 1978)
• May 12 - Helene Weigel, Austrian actress (d. 1971)
• May 15 - Zheng Ji, Chinese nutritionist and biochemist
• May 17 - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, leader of Iran (d. 1989)
• May 27 - Uładzimir Zylka, Belarusian poet (d. 1933)
• May 28 - Tommy Ladnier, American jazz trumpeter (heart attack) (d. 1939)
• June 3 - Rolland Fisher, American temperance activist (d. 1982)
• June 4 - George Watkins, owner of rookie MLB batting average record (d. 1970)
• June 5 - Dennis Gabor, Hungarian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
• June 7 - Glen Gray, American saxophonist and leader of the Casa Loma Orchestra (d. 1963)
• June 15 - Paul Mares, American jazz trumpeter (d. 1949)
• June 29 - Antoine de Saint-Exupery, French pilot and writer (d. 1944)

[edit] July-December

• July 4 - Robert Desnos, French poet (d. 1945)
• July 6 - Frederica Sagor Maas, American playwright, essayist and author
• July 13 - George Lewis, American jazz clarinetist (d. 1969)
• July 29 - Eyvind Johnson, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1976)
• August 3 - Ernie Pyle, American journalist (d. 1945)
• August 4 - Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, queen of George VI of the United Kingdom (d. 2002)
• August 6 - Cecil H. Green, British-born geophysicist and businessman (d. 2003)
• August 10 - Arthur Espie Porritt, New Zealand politician and athlete (d. 1994)
• August 11 - Philip Phillips, American archaeologist (d. 1994)
• August 18 - Glenn Albert Black, American archaeologist (d. 1964)
• August 19 - Colleen Moore, American actress (d. 1988)
• August 22 - Sergei Ozhegov, Russian lexicographer (d. 1964)
• August 25 - Sir Hans Adolf Krebs, German physician and biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1981)
• August 26 - Hellmuth Walter, German engineer and inventor (d. 1980)
• September 3 - Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland (d. 1986)
• September 6 - W.A.C. Bennett, Canadian politician (d. 1979)
• September 22 - Paul H. Emmett, American chemical engineer (d. 1985)
• September 23 - Louise Nevelson, Ukrainian-born American sculptor (d. 1988)
• September 28 - Boris Efimov, Russian political cartoonist and propaganda artist
• September 29 - Auguste van Pels, German-Dutch mother of Peter van Pels, housemate of Anne Frank (d. 1945)
• October 1 - Tom Goddard, English cricketer (d. 1966)
• October 6 - Stan Nichols, English cricketer (d. 1961)
• October 7 - Heinrich Himmler, Nazi official (d. 1945)
• October 30 - Ragnar Granit, Finnish neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1991)
• November 4 - Lucreţiu Pătrăşcanu, Romanian communist activist and sociologist (d. 1954)
• November 5
  • Martin Dies, Jr., American politician (d. 1972)
  • Natalie Schafer, American actress (d. 1991)
• November 8
  • Charlie Paddock, American athlete (d. 1943)
  • Margaret Mitchell, American writer (d. 1949)
• November 11 - Halina Konopacka, Polish athlete (d. 1989)
• November 13 - David Marshall Williams, American inventor (d. 1975)
• November 14 - Aaron Copland, American composer (d. 1990)
• December 3
  • Ulrich Inderbinen, Swiss mountain guide (d. 2004)
  • Richard Kuhn, Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1967)
• December 4 - John Axon, British railwayman (d. 1957)
• December 12 - Sammy Davis, Sr., American dancer (d. 1988)

[edit] Deaths

(See 1900 list of deaths by name: Category:1900 deaths.)

[edit] January - June

• January 20 - John Ruskin, English writer and social critic (b. 1819)
• January 31 - John Sholto Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry, Scottish nobleman and boxer (b. 1844)
• March 6 - Gottlieb Daimler, German inventor and automotive pioneer (b. 1834)
• March 6 - Carl Bechstein, German pianoforte maker. (b. 1826)
• April 5 - Joseph Louis François Bertrand, French mathematician (b. 1822)
• April 19 - James Dawson, Aboriginal Guardian (b. 1806)
• April 24 - George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll, British politician (b.1823)
• April 30 - Casey Jones, American railway engineer (b. 1864)
• May 18 - Jean Gaspard Felix Ravaisson-Mollien, French philosopher (b. 1813)
• June 3 - Mary Kingsley, English explorer and writer (b. 1862)
• June 5 - Stephen Crane, American author (b. 1871)
• June 11 - Belle Boyd, American Confederate spy and actress (b.1843)

[edit] July - December

• July 29 - Umberto I, King of Italy (assassinated) (b. 1844)
• July 31 - Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, second eldest son of Queen Victoria (b. 1844)
• August 10 - Charles Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen, Lord Chief Justice of England (b.1832)
• August 12 - Wilhelm Steinitz, Austrian-born chess player (b. 1836)
• August 16 - José Maria Eça de Queiroz, Portuguese writer (b. 1845)
• August 25 - Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher and writer (b. 1844)
• August 25 - Kuroda Kiyotaka, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1840)
• September 23 - William Marsh Rice, American philanthropist and university founder (murdered) (b. 1816)
• September 29 - Samuel Fenton Cary, American politician (b. 1814)
• October 15 - Zdeněk Fibich, Czech composer (b. 1850)
• October 22 - John Sherman, American politician (b.1823)
• November 22 - Sir Arthur Sullivan. English composer (b. 1842)
• November 30 - Oscar Wilde, Irish writer (b. 1854)

[edit] Unknown dates

• Henry D. Cogswell, American philanthropist (b. 1820)

[edit] External links

• 1900 Coin Pictures

[edit] Notes

• Year 1900 was a Julian leap year but not in the Gregorian Calendar (year was not divisible by 400), which caused Julian dates (used in Russia until 1919) to slip 13-days behind, after leapday 1900.