1860

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Centuries:	18th century - 19th century - 20th century
Decades:	1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s
Years:	1857 1858 1859 - 1860 - 1861 1862 1863

1860 in topic:
Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture -
Art - Literature - Music - Science
Sports - Rail Transport
Countries: Australia - Canada -
Ireland - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. - UK
Leaders: State leaders - Colonial governors
Category: Establishments - Disestablishments
Births - Deaths - Works v • d • e

Year 1860 (MDCCCLX) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

1 Events of 1860
2 Births
3 Deaths

[edit] Events of 1860

[edit] January - March

January 2 - The discovery of the planet Vulcan was announced at a meeting of the Académie des Sciences in Paris.
March 6 - Abraham Lincoln speaks against slavery in New Haven, Connecticut.
March 24 - Savoy and Nice are annexed into France.

[edit] April - June

Image:Pony express-statue.jpg

April 3: Pony express.

April 3 - The Pony Express begins its first run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California.
April 4 – New uprising in Palermo.
May 1 - A Chondrite type meteorite fell to earth in Muskingum County, Ohio near the town of New Concord.
May 6 - Giuseppe Garibaldi and his troops depart from Quarto on the Expedition of the Thousand.
May 8 - In New Granada (modern-day Colombia) southern state of Cauca secedes from the central government in protest of the suggestion of increase of presidential powers. Magdalena and Bolivar join it.
May 9 - The U.S. Constitutional Union Party holds its convention and nominates John Bell for President of the United States.
May 15 - Battle of Catalafimi; troops under Giuseppe Garibaldi defeat the army of Naples in Sicily, during the Second Italian independence war.
May 17 - German soccer club TSV 1860 München is founded
May 18 - Abraham Lincoln is selected as the U.S. presidential candidate for the Republican party.
May 27 - Garibaldi's forces take Palermo, the capital of Sicily.
12 June [O.S. 31 May] 1860 - The State Bank of the Russian Empire established.
June 24 - First nursing school, based on the ideas of Florence Nightingale, is opened in St. Thomas Infirmary in England.

[edit] July - September

July 20: Garibaldi.

July 2 - Vladivostok, Russia is founded.
July 9 - Mírzá 'Alí-Muhammad was executed by a firing squad in Tabriz, Persia for claiming to be a prophet.
July 11 - Mutsuhito (the future Emperor Meiji) becomes Crown Prince of Japan.
July 19 - Ioan Dimitrovich Kasatkin becomes an Eastern Orthodox monk under the name Nikolai.
July 20 - The forces of Giuseppe Garibaldi defeat royal Neapolitan forces at the Battle of Milazzo, near Messina. Nearly all of Sicily was now under Garibaldi's control.
July 24 - Monk Nikolai Kasatkin appointed as deacon.
July 25 - Deacon Nikolai Kasatkin appointed as priest.
August 22 - Assisted by the British navy, the troops of Giuseppe Garibaldi cross from Sicily to the Italian mainland.
September 7 - Lady Elgin is accidentally rammed and sunk in Lake Michigan, hundreds drown.
September 7 - Giuseppe Garibaldi's forces capture Naples.
September 10 - Piedmontese forces invade the Papal States hoping to link up with Garibaldi in Naples.
September 18 - Battle of Castelfidardo: The Piedmontese decisively defeat the Papal forces, allowing them to continue their march into Neapolitan territory.

[edit] October - December

October - John Hanning Speke and James Augustus Grant leave Zanzibar to search for source of the Nile.
October 1 - Battle of the Volturno, Garibaldi defeats the last organized army of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies.
October 5 - Austria, Britain, France, Prussia and the Ottoman Empire form a commission to investigate causes of the massacres of Maronite Christians, committed by Druzes in Lebanon earlier in the year.
October 10 - The original cornerstone of the University of the South was laid in Sewanee, Tennessee.
October 18 - The first Convention of Peking formally ended the Second Opium War.
October 18-21 - Beijing's Old Summer Palace is burned to the ground by orders of British general Lord Elgin in retaliation for mistreatment of several prisoners of war during the Second Opium War.
October 19 - New Māori revolt begins in New Zealand
October 26 - Garibaldi again defeats the Neapolitan forces, advancing on Gaeta, the last remaining Neapolitan strong-point.
October 26 - Meeeting of Teano - Giuseppe Garibaldi gives Naples to the king Victor Emmanuel II.
October 31 - Juliette Gordon Low , the founder of Girl Scouts, was born.
November 3 - The combined forces of Giuseppe Garibaldi and King Victor Emmanuel II besiege King Francis II of the Two Sicilies in Gaeta, his last remaining stronghold.
November 6 - U.S. presidential election: Abraham Lincoln beats John C. Breckinridge, Stephen A. Douglas, and John Bell and is elected as the sixteenth President of the United States, the first Republican to hold that office.
December 1 - Charles Dickens publishes the first installment of Great Expectations in his magazine All the Year Round.
December 20 - South Carolina becomes the first state to secede from the Union.

December 29: HMS Warrior (restored).

December 29 - The world's first ocean-going (all) iron-hulled and armoured battleship, the (British) HMS Warrior is launched.

[edit] Undated

Massacres of the Christians of Damascus, Syria, by part of the Muslim population, under the supervision of the Ottoman Empire.
Victor Emmanuel, King of Sardinia seizes the whole of the Papal States except Rome (see Vatican City) and unites Italy.
Robert Wilhelm Bunsen discovers caesium and rubidium (see Discovery of the chemical elements).
Buenos Aires leader Bartolomé Mitre subverts Argentine Confederation and begins to establish a new centralist government with the help of Uruguayan Colorado party leader Venancio Flores.
Augustana College is founded in Chicago, Illinois, United States by Swedish immigrants. The college would move to Paxton, Illinois, in 1862, and to its eventual home in Rock Island, Illinois, in 1875.
Sedalia, Missouri is incorporated.
First International Chemistry Congress in Karlsruhe, Germany.

[edit] Ongoing events

Second Opium War (1856-1860)
Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864)

[edit] Births

**1860 in other calendars**
Gregorian calendar	1860 MDCCCLX
Ab urbe condita	2613
Armenian calendar	1309 ԹՎ ՌՅԹ
Bahá'í calendar	16 – 17
Buddhist calendar	2404
Chinese calendar	4496/4556-12-9 (己未年十二月初九日) — to — 4497/4557-11-20 (庚申年十一月二十日)
Ethiopian calendar	1852 – 1853
Hebrew calendar	5620 – 5621
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1915 – 1916
- Shaka Samvat	1782 – 1783
- Kali Yuga	4961 – 4962
Holocene calendar	11860
Iranian calendar	1238 – 1239
Islamic calendar	1276 – 1277
Japanese calendar	Ansei 7 (安政7年) — changed to — Man'en 1 (万延元年)
- Imperial Year	Kōki 2520 (皇紀2520年)
- Jōmon Era	11860
Julian calendar	1905
Korean calendar	4193
Thai solar calendar	2403
v • d • e

[edit] January - June

January 3 - Kato Takaaki, 24th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1926)
January 8 - Emma Booth, the fourth child of William and Catherine Booth (d. 1903)
January 25 - Charles Curtis, Vice President of the United States (d. 1936)
January 29 - William Jacob Baer, American painter (d. 1941)
January 29- Anton Chekhov, Russian writer (d. 1904)
February 11 - Rachilde, French author (d. 1953)
February 25 - Sir William Ashley, economic historian (d. 1927)
February 29 - Herman Hollerith, American businessman and inventor (d. 1929)
March 2 - Susanna M. Salter, first woman mayor in the United States (d. 1961)
March 5 - Sam Thompson, baseball player (d. 1922)
March 13 - Hugo Wolf, Austrian composer (d. 1903)
March 19 - William Jennings Bryan, American politician (d. 1925)
March 22 - Alfred Ploetz, German physician, biologist, and eugenicist (d. 1940)
March 27 - Frank Frost Abbott, American classical scholar (d. 1924)
May 2 - Theodor Herzl, founder of modern political Zionism (d. 1904)
May 9 - J. M. Barrie, Scottish author (d. 1937)
May 20 - Eduard Buchner, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1917)
May 21 - Willem Einthoven, Dutch inventor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1927)
May 25 - James McKeen Cattell, American psychologist (d. 1944)
May 29 - Isaac Albéniz, Spanish composer (d. 1909)
June 20 - Jack Worrall, Australian cricketer, footballer, and coach (d. 1937)
June 22 - Tom O'Brien, American 19th century baseball player (d. 1921)

[edit] July - December

July 3 - Charlotte Perkins Gilman, American feminist (d. 1935)
July 7 - Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (d. 1911)
July 16 - Otto Jespersen, Danish mathematician, creator of Ido and Novial languages (d.1943)
July 19 - Lizzie Borden, American murder suspect (d. 1927)
August 3 - W.K. Dickson, Scottish inventor (d. 1935)
August 7 - Alan Leo, British astrologer (d. 1917)
August 10 - Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Indian musician (d. 1936)
August 16 - Jules Laforgue, French poet (d. 1887)
August 13 - Annie Oakley, American outlaw (d. 1926)
August 15 - Henrietta Vinton Davis, American elocutionist, dramatist, and impersonator (d. 1941)
September 5 - Andrew Volstead, American politician (d. 1947)
September 6 - Jane Addams, American social worker, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1935)
September 13 - John J. Pershing, American general (d. 1948)
November 1 - Boies Penrose, United States Senator from Pennsylvania (d. 1921)
November 6 - Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Polish pianist and composer (d. 1941)
November 16 - John Henry Kirby, Texas legislator and American businessman (d. 1940)
November 23 - Billy the Kid, American gunfighter (d. 1881)
November 23 - Hjalmar Branting, Prime Minister of Sweden, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1925)
December 4 - Charles de Broqueville, Belgian Prime Minister (d. 1940)
December 7 - Joseph Cook, sixth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1947)
December 15 - Niels Ryberg Finsen, Danish physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1904)
December 31 - Joseph S. Cullinan, American oil industrialist, founder of Texaco (d. 1937)

[edit] Unknown dates

John Coughlin, American politician (d. 1938)
Frederick George Jackson, British Arctic explorer (d. 1938)
Albert Giraud, Belgian poet (d. 1929)
Soapy Smith, Jefferson R. Smith, infamous American confidence man and crime boss (d. 1898)
Lancelot Speed, British illustrator (d. 1931)
Fusajiro Yamauchi, founder of Nintendo (d. 1940)