17th century

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Millennia:

1st millennium - 2nd millennium - 3rd millennium

Centuries:	16th century - 17th century - 18th century
Decades:	1600s 1610s 1620s 1630s 1640s 1650s 1660s 1670s 1680s 1690s

As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700 in the Gregorian calendar.

The 17th century falls into the Early Modern period of Europe and was characterized by the Baroque cultural movement and the beginning of modern science and philosophy, including the contributions of Galileo Galilei, Rene Descartes, Blaise Pascal, Isaac Newton; Europe was torn by warfare throughout the century, by the Thirty Years' War, the Great Turkish War and the English Civil War among others, while European colonization of the Americas began in earnest.

In the east, the 17th century saw the flowering of the Ottoman and Mughal empires, the beginning of the Edo period in feudal Japan, and the transition from the Ming to the Qing Dynasty in China.

Contents 1 Events 1.1 1600s 1.2 1610s 1.3 1620s 1.4 1630s 1.5 1640s 1.6 1650s 1.7 1660s 1.8 1670s 1.9 1680s 1.10 1690s 2 Significant people 3 Inventions, discoveries, introductions 4 Decades and years

[edit] Events

[edit] 1600s

• 1600: Charles I of England born to James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark.
• 1601: The Elizabethan Poor Law appoints HI parishes as administrators of poverty relief.
• 1601: Earl of Essex executed on a count of treason.
• 1601: Battle of Kinsale, one of the most important battles in Irish history, fought.
• 1602: Dutch East India Company founded. Its success contributes to the Dutch Golden Age.
• 1603: Elizabeth I of England dies and is succeeded by her cousin King James VI of Scotland, uniting the crowns of Scotland and England.
• 1603: Tokugawa Ieyasu seizes control of Japan and establishes the Tokugawa Shogunate which rules the country until 1868.
• 1603-23: After modernizing his army, Abbas I expands Persia by capturing territory from the Ottomans and the Portuguese.
• 1604: James I meets the Puritans at the Hampton Court Conference, but eventually demands compliance with all Thirty-Nine Articles. James I bans Jesuit Catholics.
• 1605: Gunpowder Plot failed in England.
• 1607: The London Company establishes the Jamestown Settlement in North America precipitating the British colonization of the Americas.
• 1608: Quebec City founded by Samuel de Champlain in New France (present-day Canada).
• 1609: Maximilian of Bavaria establishes the Catholic League.

[edit] 1610s

• 1611: English and Scottish Protestant colonists settle in Ulster.
• 1612: Moscow freed from Polish invaders.
• 1612: Chilean Jesuit missionaries murdered by Indians.
• 1613: The Time of Troubles in Russia ends with the establishment of the House of Romanov which rules until 1917.
• 1614: James I of England dissolves the Addled Parliament for failing to pass legislation or new taxes.
• 1614: Cardinal Richelieu dissolves the States-General, thereby concentrating power in the hands of Louis XIII.
• 1615: The Mughal Empire grants extensive trading rights to the British East India Company.
• 1616: Dirk Hartog reaches western Australia and leaves behind the Hartog Plate.
• 1616: William Shakespeare dies. Supposedly Shakespeare died on his birthday, if the tradition that he was born on April 23 is correct.
• 1618: The Bohemian Revolt precipitates the Thirty Years' War which devastates Central Europe in the years 1618-48. Starting from a dispute over Protestant churches on Catholic land, the Protestant churches are torched or closed, leading to a protest in Prague. In the Second Defenestration of Prague two Catholic imperial governors are thrown out of the Bohemian Chancellery window, whereafter successive regions enter the dispute for or against Emperor Matthias's sovereignty.
• 1618: The Manchus start invading China. Their conquest eventually topples the Ming Dynasty.
• 1618: Sir Walter Raleigh beheaded for attack on Spanish possession Trinidad.
• 1618: English colonists depart in the Gift of God for the Jamestown Settlement, Virginia.
• 1618: The Synod of Dort addresses five Protestant controversies.
• 1619: British North American colonies introduce slavery in expanding plantations.
• 1619: Spain starts financing Emperor Ferdinand II's military exploits.
• 1619: Bohemian Protestants reject Emperor Ferdinand II as future sovereign and appoint Frederick V instead.
• 1620: Emperor Ferdinand II defeats the Bohemian rebels in the Battle of White Mountain.
• 1620: The Puritan Pilgrims arrive in the Mayflower at Plymouth Rock, Cape Cod.

[edit] 1620s

• 1624-42: As chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu centralizes power in France.
• 1625: New Amsterdam founded by the Dutch West India Company in North America.
• 1626: St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican completed.
• 1627: Cardinal Richelieu lays siege to Protestant La Rochelle which eventually capitulates.
• 1629: Cardinal Richelieu allies with Swedish Protestant forces in the Thirty Years' War to counter Ferdinand II's expansion

[edit] 1630s

• 1632: Building of the Taj Mahal begins, a mausoleum for Mumtaz Mahal.
• 1637: The Dutch tulip mania bubble bursts.
• 1637: The Pequot War, the first of the American Indian Wars
• 1639-51: Wars of the Three Kingdoms, civil wars throughout Scotland, Ireland, and England.

[edit] 1640s

• 1640-68: The Portuguese Restoration War led to the end of the Iberian Union.
• 1640: Torture is outlawed in England.
• 1641: The Tokugawa Shogunate institutes Sakoku- foreigners are expelled and no one is allowed to enter or leave Japan.
• 1642: Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman achieves the first recorded European sighting of New Zealand.
• 1642-49: Civil War in England; Charles I is beheaded by Cromwell
• 1644: The Manchu conquer China ending the Ming Dynasty. The subsequent Qing Dynasty rules until 1912.
• 1648: The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War and marks the ends of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire as major European powers.
• 1648-53: Fronde civil war in France.
• 1648-67: The Deluge wars leave Poland in ruins.
• 1648-69: The Ottoman Empire captures Crete from the Venetians after the Siege of Candia.

[edit] 1650s

• 1652: Cape Town founded by the Dutch East India Company in South Africa.
• 1652: Anglo-Dutch Wars begin.
• 1655-61: The Northern Wars cement Sweden's rise as a Great Power.

[edit] 1660s

• 1660: The Commonwealth of England ends and the monarchy is brought back during the English Restoration.
• 1660: Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge founded.
• 1661: The reign of the Kangxi Emperor of China begins.
• 1662: Koxinga captures Taiwan from the Dutch and founds the Kingdom of Tungning which rules until 1683.
• 1662: Jacques Aymar-Vernay, who later reintroduced Dowsing into popular use in Europe, is born.
• 1663: France takes full political and military control over its colonial possessions in New France.
• 1664: British troops capture New Amsterdam and rename it New York.
• 1665: Portugal defeats the Kongo Empire.
• 1666: The Great Fire of London.
• 1667-99: The Great Turkish War halts the Ottoman Empire's expansion into Europe.

[edit] 1670s

• 1670: The Hudson's Bay Company is founded in Canada.
• 1672-78: Franco-Dutch War
• 1674: Maratha Empire founded in India by Shivaji.
• 1676: Russia and the Ottoman Empire commence the Russo-Turkish Wars.

[edit] 1680s

• 1682: Peter the Great becomes joint ruler of Russia (sole tsar in 1696).
• 1682: La Salle explores the length of the Mississippi River and claims Louisiana for France.
• 1683: China conquers the Kingdom of Tungning and annexes Taiwan.
• 1685: Edict of Fontainebleau outlaws Protestantism in France. King Charles II dies
• 1687: Isaac Newton publishes Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica.
• 1688-89: After the Glorious Revolution, England becomes a constitutional monarchy and the Dutch Republic goes into decline.
• 1688-97: The Grand Alliance sought to stop French expansion during the Nine Years War.
• 1689: The Treaty of Nerchinsk established a border between Russia and China.

[edit] 1690s

• 1692: Salem witch trials in Massachusetts.
• 1700-21: Russia supplants Sweden as the dominant Baltic power after the Great Northern War.

[edit] Significant people

• Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden (1594-1632).
• Tokugawa Ieyasu
• Francis Bacon, English philosopher and politician (1561-1626).
• Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer of genius(1685-1750)
• Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez, Spanish painter (1599-1660)
• Pierre Corneille, French dramatist (1606 - 1684)
• William Harvey, medical doctor (1578 – 1657)
• Jean Racine, French dramatist (1639 - 1699)
• Molière, French dramatist, actor, director (1622 - 1673)
• Jean de La Fontaine French poet (1621 - 1695)
• Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux (1636 - 1711) French poet and critic
• Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598 - 1680) Italian artist
• Jean-Baptiste Lully Italian-born French composer (1632 - 1687)
• André Le Nôtre French landscape architect (1613 - 1700)
• Gabriel Bethlen, Hungarian prince of Transylvania (1580-1629)
• Sir Thomas Browne, English author, philosopher and scientist (1605-1682).
• Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Spanish author (1574 - 1616)
• Charles I of England (1600 - 1649).
• Charles II of England (1630 - 1685).
• Queen Christina of Sweden, high profile Catholic convert, matron of arts (1626 - 1689)
• Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1599 - 1658)
• Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1626 - 1712).
• René Descartes, French philosopher and mathematician (1596 - 1650)
• John Donne, English metaphysical poet (1572 - 1631)
• John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester (1647 - 1680) English poet
• Elizabeth I of England (1533 - 1603).
• Galileo Galilei, Italian natural philosopher (1564 - 1642)
• Andreas Gryphius, German poet and dramatist(1616 - 1664)
• Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher and mathematician (1588 - 1679)
• Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer (1629 - 1695)
• Johannes Kepler, German astronomer (1571 - 1630)
• Gottfried Leibniz, German philosopher and mathematician (1646 - 1716)
• John Locke, English philosopher (1632 - 1704)
• James I of England (1566 - 1625).
• James II of England (1633 - 1701).
• Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (1640 - 1705)
• Louis XIV, King of France, (1638 - 1715)
• Mary II of England (1662 - 1694).
• Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh (d.1671), Irish historian and genealogist.
• John Milton, English author and poet (1608 - 1674)
• Miyamoto Musashi, famous warrior in Japan, author of The Book of Five Rings, a treatise on strategy and martial combat. (1584 - 1645)
• Isaac Newton, English physicist and mathematician (1642 - 1727)
• Blaise Pascal, French theologian, mathematician and physicist (1623 - 1662)
• Pierre de Fermat French lawyer and mathematician 1601 – 1665
• John Dryden, English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright (1631 - 1700)
• Samuel Pepys, English civil servant and diarist (1633 - 1703)
• Henry Purcell, English composer (1659 - 1695)
• Samarth Ramdas, Hindu saint (1608 - 1681)
• Sant Tukaram, Hindu saint (1600 - 1650)
• Anne of Austria (1601 - 1666) Queen consort and regent of France
• Cardinal Richelieu, French cardinal, duke, and politician (1585 - 1642)
• Cardinal Mazarin, French cardinal and politician of Italian origin (1602 - 1661)
• Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan (1641 - 1707) lover of Louis XIV
• Françoise d'Aubigné, marquise de Maintenon (1635 - 1719 second wife of Louis XIV
• Rembrandt van Rijn, Dutch painter (1606 - 1669)
• William Shakespeare, English author and poet (1564 - 1616)
• Pedro Calderón de la Barca Spanish dramatist (1600 - 1681)
• Shivaji Bhonsle, Hindu king, 1st Maratha ruler, established Hindavi Swaraj. (1630-1680)
• Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (1632 - 1677)
• Seathrún Céitinn, Irish historian (ca. 1569 - ca. 1644)
• Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland (1629 - 1696)
• Imre Thököly, prince of Transylvania, leader of the anti-Habsburg uprising in Hungary (1657 - 1705)
• Johannes Vermeer, Dutch Painter (1632 - 1675)
• Albrecht von Wallenstein, German general in the Thirty Years' War, Catholic (1583 - 1634)
• William III of England (1650 - 1702).
• Abel Janszoon Tasman (1603 - 1659), Dutch seafarer and explorer.
• Michiel de Ruyter (1607 - 1676), Dutch admiral
• Guru Teg Bahadur, (1621 - 1675), 9th Sikh Guru
• Peter the Great, (1672 - 1725), Russian tsar

[edit] Inventions, discoveries, introductions

List of 17th century inventions

Major changes in philosophy and science take place, often characterized as the Scientific revolution.

• Banknotes reintroduced in Europe.
• Ice cream
• Tea and coffee become popular in Europe.
• Central Banking in France and modern Finance by Scottish economist John Law
• 1604: Supernova SN 1604 is observed in the Milky Way
• 1605: Johannes Kepler starts investigating elliptical orbits of planets
• 1608: Hans Lippershey contructs a refracting telescope, the first for which sufficient evidence exists
• 1609: Johann Carolas of Germany publishes the 'Relation', the first newspaper
• 1610: The Orion Nebula is identified by Nicolas de Peiresc of France
• 1610: Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius observe Jupiter's Galilean moons
• 1611: King James Bible or 'Authorized Version' first published
• c. 1612: The first flintlock musket likely created for Louis XIII of France by gunsmith Marin de Bourgeoys
• 1614: John Napier introduces the logarithm to simplify calculations
• 1620: Cornelius Drebbei, funded by James I of England, builds the first 'submarine' made of wood and greased leather
• 1623: The first English dictonary, 'English Dictionarie' is published by Henry Cockeram, listing difficult words with definitions
• 1628: William Harvey publishes and elucidates his earlier discovery of the circulatory system
• 1637: Dutch Bible published
• 1637: Teatro San Cassiano, the first public opera house, opened in Venice
• 1637: Pierre de Fermat formulates his so-called Last Theorem, unsolved until 1995
• 1642: Blaise Pascal builds an early mechanical calculator for addition and subtraction
• 1642: Mezzotint engraving introduces grey tones to printed images
• 1643: Evangelista Torricelli of Italy invents the mercury barometer
• 1645: Giacomo Torelli of Venice, Italy invents the first rotating stage
• 1651: Giovanni Riccioli renames the Lunar mare
• 1656: Christiaan Huygens describes the true shape of the rings of Saturn
• 1657: Christiaan Huygens develops the first functional pendulum clock based on the learnings of Galileo Galilei
• 1659: Christiaan Huygens first to observe surface details of Mars
• 1663: The first reflecting telescope is built by James Gregory based on suggestions of Italian astronomer Niccolo Zucchi
• c. 1670: Monk Dom Perignon discovers Champagne in France
• 1676: Antoni van Leeuwenhoek discovers Bacteria
• 1676: First measurement of the speed of light
• 1679: Binary system developed by Gottfried Leibnitz, possibly influenced by Shao Yong
• 1684: Calculus independently developed by both Gottfried Leibnitz and Sir Issac Newton and used to formulate classical mechanics

[edit] Decades and years