Zurab Zhvania

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Zurab Zhvania

Zurab Zhvania (Georgian: ზურაბ ჟვანია) (December 9, 1963 – February 3, 2005) was a prominent Georgian politician and former Speaker of the Georgian Parliament. From November 25, 2003 to February 18, 2004 he was Minister without Portfolio. He was the Prime Minister of Georgia from February 18, 2004 until his death. Zhvania had a wife and three children, and in addition to his native Georgian, he spoke English, German, and Russian.

1 Early career
2 November elections
3 Death
- 3.1 Circumstances
- 3.2 Aftermath
4 Notes
5 References

[edit] Early career

Zhvania was born in Tbilisi. In 1985 he graduated from the Faculty of Biology of the Tbilisi Ivane Javakhishvili State University. He worked at the university through 1992.

Zhvania entered national politics in 1988. Between 1988 and 1990, Georgia's Green Party, which Zhvania co-chaired, was one of a number of opposition groups that took part in the country's drive to regain its independence. In September 1991 his party joined the opposition to the government of the first post-Soviet President of Georgia, Zviad Gamsakhurdia. Gamsakhurdia's violent overthrow in January 1992 resulted in Eduard Shevardnadze, the former Soviet foreign minister, coming to power a few months later.

Shevardnadze established the Union of Citizens of Georgia to provide a moderate centre-right grouping for reformist democrats. Zhvania joined the UGC in 1992, entering the Georgian parliament in the same year, and recruited other reformists to the party, notably Mikhail Saakashvili. In 1993, Zhvania became general secretary of Shevardnadze's party. On November 25, 1995, after the party’s victory at the election, he was elected as chairman of the Georgian parliament.

However, Zhvania fell out with Shevardnadze over a corruption scandal and resigned as speaker on November 1, 2001. He and Saakashvili also left Shevardnadze's party. In 2002, he established and chaired a new party, called the United Democrats.

[edit] November elections

The parliamentary elections of November 2, 2003 were widely condemned by local and international observers as being grossly rigged by the government. In response, Zhvania and other opposition figures called for mass protests against Shevardnadze. Two weeks of massive popular protests followed, forcing Shevardnadze's resignation on November 23. He was replaced on an interim basis by Zhvania's successor as parliamentary speaker, Nino Burjanadze. Zhvania himself became a minister in the transitional government prior to fresh presidential elections held on January 4, 2004, which were won by Saakashvili.

[edit] Death

[edit] Circumstances

Zhvania died early in the morning of February 3, 2005 of carbon monoxide poisoning, apparently due to an inadequately ventilated gas heater. He was in the home of Raul Usupov, deputy governor of Georgia's Kvemo Kartli region, at the time. Usupov also died. A few hours after the incident, the Associated Press said there was "no sign of foul play".

Guards entered the house after there was no word from Zhvania for several hours to find him in an armchair and Usupov in the kitchen. Details of the incident are still limited, although officials have said there was a gas-powered heating stove in the main room of the house, where a table was set up with a backgammon set lying open upon it.

Speaking live on Rustavi-2 television, Georgia's Interior Minister Vano Merabishvili said, "it was a sudden accident". The bodies were taken to the coroner's office, where a preliminary examination showed both died from carbon monoxide poisoning. There were reports of serious technical violations when the gas heaters were installed, with officials saying there was no ventilation in the apartment.

[edit] Aftermath

President Mikhail Saakashvili, at an emergency Cabinet meeting, said, "In Zurab Zhvania, Georgia has lost a great patriot, who devoted his entire life to serving the motherland. Zurab's death is a great blow to Georgia and to me personally. I lost a very close friend, a reliable adviser and a great ally. I want to call on you all to be strong, because there is no greater responsibility than loyal service to our country and our people."

In March 2006 Georgia's ex-President Eduard Shevardnadze told The Washington Post that he does not believe in the official government account of Zhvania’s death; claiming that the latter was murdered.^[1]^[2]

Preceded by: Avtandil Jorbenadze	State Minister of Georgia 2003-2004	Succeeded by: —
Preceded by: —	Prime Minister of Georgia 2004-2005	Succeeded by: Zurab Nogaideli