Zanj Rebellion
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The Zanj Revolt took place in Southern Iraq near the city of Basra between 869 and 879 CE. They were led by ˤAlī ibn Muħammad, who claimed descent from ˤAlī, the fourth Caliph, in a campaign against the central government based in Samarra.
Although many scholars have argued that "the Zanj" were slaves from East Africa since the term Zanj describes the East African coast. There were large numbers of people imported from East Africa via Somali and Ethiopian ports from interior as far as Southern Sudan. The slaves were mainly used to work on the massive irrigation projects of the area. Bedouins, Arab mercenaries, and others from the region joined ˤAlī's fight against the central government. The origin of the word "Zanj" comes from Persian, and is related to the names in East Africa of "Zanzibar" which is also known to have 9th century links to the Middle East.
[edit] Reasons for the revolt
People joined the revolt for many reasons. The majority of slaves joined due to poor treatment and working conditions (they were arguably the worst treated slaves in the Islamic world), while others joined to fight for a purer form of Islām.
[edit] End of Revolt
The revolt eventually failed, with the capture and execution of ˤAlī after the fall of the Zanj capital city of al-Mukhtara.
[edit] Sources of Information
Much of the current knowledge of the Zanj Rebellion comes from the Persian Sunnī historian Tabarī's work "History of the Prophets and Kings". It has been the subject of research by such famous Orientalists as Theodor Nöldeke (Sketches from Eastern History) and Louis Massignon (The Passion of al-Hallaj); Alexandre Popović has authored a more recent monograph on the subject.
