Zamora-Chinchipe Province
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| Provincial anthem | Zamora Chinchipe anthem | ||||
| Capital | Zamora | ||||
| Largest city | Yantzaza | ||||
| Languages spoken | Spanish, Shuar and Kichwa¹ | ||||
| Civil Governor | Franklin Delgado | ||||
| Independence | 10 de noviembre de 1953 | ||||
| Area | 10.556 km² | ||||
| Population • Density |
76.601 habitantes 7.2 hab./km² |
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| Calling code | (593)7 2 | ||||
Zamora-Chinchipe is a province in Ecuador, located at southeastern end of the Amazonian region, which shares its borders with the provinces of Azuay and Morona-Santiago to the north, the provinces of Loja and Azuay to the west, and with Peru to the east and south. The province comprises an area of approximately 10.556 km² and is covered with a unique mountainous topography that markedly distinguishes it from surrounding Amazonian provinces.
The province is characterized and identified by its mining industry; indigenous ethnic groups with a rich archaeological legacy; bountiful biodiversity; and its niches and tourist attractions which include a number of waterfalls noted for their beauty. The province was named after the fusion of the Zamora and Chinchipe canton names. The province's capital is Zamora.
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[edit] History
Human habitation in the region is thought to date to at least 4,500 B.C.E., and was grounded in the Mayo-Chinchipe cultural complex.
In appoximately 1548 Spaniards made their first contact with the region's indigenous people. On October 4, 1549 Hernando de Barahona, accompanied by Alonso de Mercadillo and Hernando de Benavente, founded the city of Zamora de los Alcaides. Fifty years after their arrival, the Spanish were driven from the city on account of the Shuar revolt.
During the Spanish Colonial period, several explorers surveyed the territory, such as the French geographer and mathematician, Charles Marie de La Condamine in a 1743 expedition. In 1781, the Spanish made a second attempt to recolonize the area, lured by gold exploitation, but they found it impossible to dominate the natives.
It cannot be established exactly when the first white and mixed race settlers arrived in the province, but the oldest verifiable data shows that in the late 1840s, the Chinchipe River basin was already inhabited by such peoples arrived from Loja Province and Peru.
The current settlement known as Zamora, was not permanently reestablished by white and mixed race settlers until March 12, 1921, when the Catholic church founded the Apostolic Vicariate of Zamora, after many previous attempts at colonization; each repelled by attacks and riots of the Shuar people. It appears that the first settlement was established by 1840, but it looks to be extinguished in time.
In 1850, the Zamora de los Alcaides city ruins were discovered by a group of colonists. The colonization was also made from the Azuay Province to the Yacuambi Canton, where the Saraguros and few mixed race people arrived.
In 1911, the Zamora parish became cantonal head of Zamora Canton in the great former Provincia de Oriente. On December 15, 1920 the Santiago-Zamora Province was created, which was constituted by the Chinchipe, Macas, Morona and Zamora cantons. The Chinchipe and Zamora cantons were each constituted by three parishes. It could be said that on January 5, 1921 the Yacuambi Canton was created for the Santiago-Zamora Province.
On July 5, 1941 Ecuador was invaded by Peru, with part of the unpopulated territory of the province. A ceasefire was brokered between the Foreign Ministers of Peru and Ecuador, with the participation of the United States, Brazil, Chile, and Argentina as "guarantors", by the signing of the Rio Protocol, in Brazil. The treaty officially brought an end to state of war that had existed between Ecuador and Peru, but left part of the Ecuadorian provinces of El Oro, Loja, and Zamora-Chinchipe, under Peruvian occupation.
After the 1941 war, forced migration of impoverished peasants and citizens to the province was accelerated by droughts in Loja Province, resulting in colonization of many areas of the Zamora-Chinchipe territory that had theretofore been uninhabited.
The creation of Zamora-Chinchipe province was a twelve years process which was due in large part to the indefatigable efforts of one Benjamin Carrión, a citizen of the province of Loja. On November 10 , 1953, Zamora-Chinchipe was designated an autonomous province being separated from Santiago-Zamora Province, by means of a legal term issued in the Ecuadorian Official Registry Nо. 360.
In 1981, the tension with Peru was rekindled, with a military confrontation over the Cenepa River in the Cordillera del Cóndor. The confrontations was centered in the Paquisha, Mayaycu and Manchinaza localities. In 1995, the confrontation continued, and in 1999 the military conflict was permanently ended with the signing of the Peace Agreement between Ecuador and Peru, which finally settled the contours of the province's borders with its southern neighbour.
[edit] Cantons
Zamora-Chinchipe Province is divided into 9 cantons.
Canton (Capital)
- Centinela del Cóndor (Zumbi)
- Chinchipe (Zumba)
- El Pangui (El Pangui)
- Nangaritza (Nangaritza)
- Palanda (Palanda)
- Paquisha (Paquisha)
- Yacuambi (Yacuambi)
- Yanzatza (Yanzatza)
- Zamora (Zamora)
[edit] Fauna and Flora
[edit] Demographics
[edit] Culture
[edit] Cuisine
[edit] Geography
[edit] Hydrography
[edit] Topography
| Provinces of Ecuador |  |
|---|---|
| Azuay | Bolívar | Cañar | Carchi | Chimborazo | Cotopaxi | Esmeraldas | Galápagos | Guayas | Imbabura | Loja | Los Ríos | Manabí | Morona-Santiago | Napo | Orellana | El Oro | Pastaza | Pichincha | Sucumbíos | Tungurahua | Zamora-Chinchipe |
