Yale Law School

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Yale Law School
Yale Law School Coat of Arms
Established 1843
Type Private
Postgraduates 700
Location New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Dean Harold Koh
Website www.law.yale.edu
Sculptural ornamentation on the Sterling Law Building
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Sculptural ornamentation on the Sterling Law Building

Yale Law School, or YLS, is the law school of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1843, the school offers the J.D., LL.M., J.S.D., and M.S.L. degrees in law. It also hosts visiting scholars and several legal research centers.

Yale Law School is one of America's leading centers for the study of law. The institution has been ranked the best law school in the United States by U.S. News and World Report in every year in which the magazine has ranked law schools except for the first, 1987, when it held the number two spot, behind Harvard. Former President William Howard Taft was a professor of constitutional law there from 1913 until he resigned to become Chief Justice of the United States in 1921. Presidents Gerald Ford and Bill Clinton studied there later in the century, and the law school's library has been memorialized as the meeting place of Bill and Hillary Clinton.

Yale Law School enrolls about 180 new students a year, one of the smallest numbers among U.S. law schools, and its 7.5-student-to-faculty ratio is the lowest of all law schools in the U.S. Its small class size and high prestige combine to make its admissions process highly selective — numerically speaking, it is the most competitive law school in the U.S. More of its admitted students decide to attend (i.e. yield) than those of Stanford and Harvard.

A high GPA, high LSAT score, and very strong non-quantitative credentials are typically prerequisites to admission. 50% of the class that entered in 2005 had a GPA above 3.87 (out of 4.0) and an LSAT score above 171 (out of 180 possible points) or 99th percentile. It is known as a popular landing pad for Rhodes Scholars upon their return from Oxford University. Yale Law is also the only top-tier school in which the faculty votes directly on the admission of each member of the incoming class. [citation needed]

The institution is known for its scholarly orientation; a relatively large number of its graduates (4%) choose careers in academia immediately after graduation. Yale's curriculum is generally less focused on corporate and commercial law than that of other leading schools, such as Columbia, University of Chicago, Harvard and Stanford. Some 38% of its graduates take judicial clerkships, more than those of any other school.

Yale Law School does not have a traditional grading system, a consequence of student unrest in the late 1960s. Instead, it grades first-semester first-year students on a simple Credit/No Credit system. For their remaining two and a half years, students are graded on an Honors/Pass/Low Pass/Fail system. Similarly, the school does not rank its students. It is also notable for having only a single semester of required classes, instead of the full year most U.S. schools require. Yale law is also unique in that it allows first year students to represent clients through one of its numerous clinics; other law schools typically offer this opportunity to second and third year students alone.

In recent years, some students have called for the school to make diversity a higher priority when hiring faculty. The school has one tenured female professor of color and no Hispanic professors.

Students publish nine law journals that, unlike those at most other schools, mostly accept student editors without a competition. The only exception is YLS's flagship journal, The Yale Law Journal, which holds an admissions competition each spring. The competition consists of a Bluebooking test and an editing test. Although the journal identifies a target maximum number of members to accept each year, it is not a firm number, and a substantial number of each year's class is accepted.

The YLS law library, Lillian Goldman Law Library, contains around 800,000 volumes. The school's classrooms were redesigned in 1998 as part of a larger renovation begun in 1995.

Contents

[edit] History

Yale Law School traces its origins to the earliest days of the 19th century when law was learned by clerking as an apprentice in a lawyer’s office. The first law schools, including the one that became Yale, developed out of this apprenticeship system and grew up inside law offices. The future Yale Law School formed in the office of New Haven lawyer Seth Staples, who owned an exceptional library (an attraction for students at a time when law books were scarce) and began training apprentices in the early 1800s.

By the 1810s, his law office had a full-fledged law school. Samuel Hitchcock, one of Staples’ former students, became a partner at the office and later, the proprietor of the New Haven Law School.

The New Haven Law School affiliated gradually with Yale from the mid-1820s to the mid-1840s. Law students began receiving Yale degrees in 1843. David Daggett, a former U.S. senator from Connecticut, joined Hitchcock as co-proprietor of the school in 1824. In 1826, Yale named Daggett to be professor of law in Yale College, where he lectured to undergraduates on public law and government.

Yale Law School remained fragile for decades. At the death of Samuel Hitchcock in 1845 and again upon the death of his successor, Henry Dutton, in 1869, the University came near to closing the School.

The revival of Yale Law School after 1869 was led by its first full-time dean, Francis Wayland, who helped the School establish its philanthropic base. It was during this time that the modern law library was organized. It was also during this period that The Yale Law Journal was started and Yale’s pioneering efforts in graduate programs in law began; the degree of Master of Laws was offered for the first time in 1876.

In the last decades of the 19th century, Yale began to take the mission of university legal education seriously, and to articulate for Yale Law School two traits that would come to be hallmarks. First, Yale Law School would be small and humane; it would resist the pressures that were emerging in university law schools elsewhere toward large enrollments and impersonal faculty-student relations. Second, Yale Law School would be interdisciplinary in its approach to teaching the law. Initially, the school linked to other fields of knowledge by selecting members of other departments of the University to teach in the Law School. Later in the 20th century, Yale would pioneer the appointment to the law faculty of professors ranging from economics to psychiatry. This led Yale Law School away from the preoccupation with private law that then typified American legal education, and toward serious engagement with public and international law.

After 1900, Yale Law School acquired its character as a dynamic center of legal scholarship. In the 1930s, Yale Law School spawned the movement known as legal realism, which has reshaped the way American lawyers understand the function of legal rules and the work of courts and judges. The realists directed attention to factors not captured in the rules, ranging from the attitudes of judges and jurors to the nuances of the facts of particular cases. Under the influence of realism, American legal doctrine has become less conceptual and more empirical. Under Dean Charles Clark (1929 -1939), the School built a faculty that included such legendary figures as Thurman Arnold, Edwin Borchard, future U.S. Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas, Jerome Frank, Underhill Moore, Walton Hamilton, and Wesley Sturges. Clark was the moving figure during these years in crafting the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the foundation of modern American procedure.

Yale Law School’s tradition of emphasizing public as well as private law proved ever more prescient as events of the 20th century increased the role of public affairs in the life of the law. Yale graduates found themselves uniquely prepared to play important roles in the rise of the administrative state, the internationalization following the World Wars, and the domestic civil rights movement.

In the 1950s and 1960s, the School became renowned as a center of constitutional law, taxationcommercial law, international law, antitrust, and law and economics. In recent decades, the pace of curricular innovation has, if anything, quickened, as the School has developed new strengths in such fields as comparative constitutional law, corporate finance, environmental law, gender studies, international human rights, and legal history, as well as an array of clinical programs.

[edit] Current prominent faculty

[edit] Notable alumni

[edit] See also

[edit] External links


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