Xylulose
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Xylulose is a ketopentose — a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including a ketone functional group. It has chemical formula C5H10O5. In nature it occurs in the L- and D- isomers.
L-xylulose accumulates in the urine of pentosuria patients. Since L-xylulose is a reducing sugar like D-glucose, pentosuria patients have been wrongly diagnosed in the past to be diabetic.
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| Carbohydrates | ||
|---|---|---|
| General: | Aldose | Ketose | Pyranose | Furanose | |
| Geometry: | Pentose | Hexose | Heptose | Equatorial bond | Axial bond | Anomer | Mutarotation | |
| Small/Large: | Glyceraldehyde | Dihydroxyacetone | Erythrose | Threose | Erythrulose | Sedoheptulose | |
| Pentoses: | Ribose | Arabinose | Xylose | Lyxose | Ribulose | Xylulose | |
| Hexoses: | Glucose | Galactose | Mannose | Gulose | Idose | Talose | Allose | Altrose | Fructose | Sorbose | Tagatose | Psicose | Fucose | Rhamnose | |
| Disaccharides: | Sucrose | Lactose | Trehalose | Maltose | |
| Polymers: | Glycogen | Starch | Cellulose | Chitin | Amylose | Amylopectin | Stachyose | Inulin | Dextrin | |
| Glycosaminoglycans: | Heparin | Chondroitin sulfate | Hyaluronan | Heparan sulfate | Dermatan sulfate | Keratan sulfate | |
| Aminoglycosides: | Kanamycin | Streptomycin | Tobramycin | Neomycin | Paromomycin | Apramycin | Gentamicin | Netilmicin | Amikacin | |
| ←Nucleic acids | Major families of biochemicals | Lipids→ |
