Wu (state)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the Spring and Autumn state. For the Three Kingdoms period state, see Eastern Wu. For Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms states with "Wu" in their names, see Wu (Ten Kingdoms) and Wuyue.

Wu was a state during the Spring and Autumn Period in China. The state of Wu straddled the mouth of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) east of the State of Chu. Considered a semi-barbarian state by ancient Chinese historians, its capital was Suzhou.

The State of Jin aided Wu's rise to power as a useful ally against the State of Chu. In 584 BC, Wu rebelled against the State of Chu; the action occurred after being persuaded by Wuchen, a minister of the State of Jin who defected from Chu.

Afterwards, Wu would be a constant threat to the state of Chu on its southeastern flank until its demise. Wu curried relationships with Chu's vassals in the Yangtze river region to weaken support for Chu. In 506 BC, Wu launched a surprise attack and occupied the capital of Chu. Afterwards, Wu was briefly the most powerful nation, and turned to other campaigns, defeating the State of Qi in 484 BC.

Ironically, Wu was later threatened by an upstart state to its south, the State of Yue; the State of Chu aided Yue's rise to power as a counter to Wu. Although Wu won a major victory against Yue in 494 BC, it failed to completely subjugate Yue, helped in part by Yue's bribing of an important Wu minister. While Wu was engaged in a military campaign in the north, Yue launched a surprise attack on Wu in 482 BC and conquered the capital. Eventually, the State of Yue conquered Wu in 473 BC.

[edit] Possible connection with ancient Japan

The first Wu Kingdom was united by Taibo during the Spring and Autumn Period. Originally considered a part of the Eastern Barbarians, the people of the Wu Kingdom became Sinicized during the Warring States Period. Ambassadoral visits to Japan by the later Northern Chinese dynasties Wei and Jin (Encounters of the Eastern Barbarians, Wei Chronicles) recorded that the Japanese people claimed to be descendants of Taibo of Wu, refugees after the fall of Wu. (History books do have records of Wu Taibo sending 4000 males and 4000 females to Japan.^{[citation needed]}) Historical records also show that the ancient Japanese had similar lifestyles and customs as pre-Sinicized inhabitants of the Wu Kingdom, including tattooing, ritual teeth pulling and baby-carrying on backs.

魏略：「倭人自謂太伯之後。」

晉書：「自謂太伯之後，又言上古使詣中國，皆自稱大夫。」列傳第六十七四夷

資治通鑑：「今日本又云呉太伯之後，蓋呉亡，其支庶入海為倭。」

This purported tie with Japan's origins turns ironic as during the start of World War II, the Wu region of China was the most devastated and took on the brunt of the fighting against the Japanese as other Chinese regions in the north fell (see the Battle of Shanghai and the Rape of Nanking).

[edit] See also

This page contains Chinese text.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.