Wikipedia:WikiProject Asian martial arts

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1 P0M's original proposal to establish this project:
2 Project members:
3 Existing Articles that will need to be worked in somewhere
4 Concept and scope
5 Stolen from the Chinese article for translation and incorporation
6 武术流派
- 6.1 中国武术
- 6.2 世界武术
7 武术家列表
8 武术列表
9 武术典籍
10 Notes for other schools of martial arts

[edit] P0M's original proposal to establish this project:

There is a huge problem with the articles on Chinese martial arts. There are several articles that it would be nice to be able to merge. Unfortunately things have grown up willy-nilly and a logjam has developed. Before anyone could remove even two logs and send them down the river, someone else would jam them back in, metaphorically speaking of course.

The main problem is that there is an umbrella concept, or maybe I should say a tent concept, wu3 shu4, which means "martial arts." It's been around a long time as a term under which to subsume weapons systems, non-weapons systems, etc., etc. Unfortunately, in mainland China somebody decided to call a fancified version derived from Chinese opera presentations "wu shu." So there is a development of very little importance to actual self defense getting confused with the whole class of martial arts.

It will take quite a lot of work and cooperation to outline the components in this rather large field, so I would like to start a project on "Wǔ Yì" (the "senior" dictionary synonym for wu shu), take my book in Chinese on the whole field as a model and an authority, and start straightening things out.

[edit] Project members:

P0M
Fire Star 18:55, 9 December 2005 (UTC)
Wintran
Shawnc
Mjformica
Medains

[edit] Existing Articles that will need to be worked in somewhere

[edit] Concept and scope

A project to organize the whole set of articles, or, actually, a set of articles as they should be instead of just the way they've grown up. It probably would make sense to refer to Japanese and Korean arts too. This article, like the Race article, wouldy have short sections on everything but refer readers to more comprehensive articles if they exist.

Martial_arts

Asian martial arts List_of_martial_arts#Asian_and_Pacific_Martial_Arts

Korean Martial Arts

Japanese Martial Arts

Bujutsu

A. Karatejutsu

B. Jujutsu

C. Aikijutsu

Budo (the modern schools devoted to spiritual advancement via martial arts practice)

Karatedo 空手道

Judo 柔道

Aikido 合氣道

Kyudo 弓道

Chinese Martial Arts (Wǔ Yì) 武藝

I. Trunk and branches

A. Punching, Striking, and Kicking techniques

1. Quan and pai: Schools and styles

2. Exports to Okinawa, Japan, and elsewhere

B. Controls: Grappling, Twisting, and Taking Down techniques

1. Qin na (resembles some Aikido techniques)

2. Flying one's opponent (resembles some Aikido techniques)

C. Wrestling

1. So-called "fast wrestling"

2. ?

D. Auxillary use of weapons: stars, bars, and availables

1. Biao (throwing stars)

2. Darts and throwing knives

3. Blinders and coins

E. Weapons from the past: Swords, spears, and other such tools

1. Double-edged sword (jian)

2. Single-edged sword (da dao, ma dao, etc.)

3. Spears and halberds (mao, ge, etc.)

4. Staves and shorter sticks (gun)

II. Striking Techniques (jì jí shù) 技擊術 (note 1)

A. Fists and Feet

1. Long fist big stance styles

2. Medium fist, medium (not coiled not extended) stance styles

3. Short fist small stance styles

4. Palm strikes

5. Legs and kicking

6. "Touch of death" techniques (dian xue) Dim_Mak

7. Joint locks and take-downs (qin na, hapkido, and aikido)

8. Grappling and hitting techniques (shuai jiao, jujutsu, judo)

9. Mixed techniques

B. Ordinary Weapons

C. Concealed Weapons

III. Tempering Body and Mind (gōngfu) 工夫 (note 2)

A. Qi gong (lifebreath exercise)

B. Interior exercises

C. Momentum Exchanges with the Ground (lightness exercises)

D. Development of "knacks"

E. Insidious developments

IV. Pharmacological techniques (yào gōng) 樂工

A. Prophylaxsis

B. Treatment of injuries and infections

C. As used in pursuit of the Dao

D. Assassinations, etc.

V. Incantations (fú gōng or zhòu gōng) 符工／咒工

A. As applied to striking techniques

B. As applied to tempering body and mind

C. As aids to tempering body and mind

D. Therapeutic uses

E. In struggles between religious groups

VI. The Daoist and Zen Ways (Dào gōng or Ch án gōng 道工／禪工

A. Daoist Work

1. Meditation techniques

2. Breathing exercises

3. Stretching exercises

4. Fencing exercises

5. Misc.

B. Zen Work

1. Theory of the Mind

2. Observing one's own mind

3. Perceiving one's breathing

4. Buddhist qi exercises

Chart taken from 中國武術學概要，雷嘯天著 Notes: 1 武術and武藝 are synonyms. The Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Chinese Language uses wǔ yì as the main entry, and wǔ shù is a secondary entry. Common usage favors the term wǔ shù, but it has been taken over by theatrical martial arts, so the term wǔ yì is not only preferable from a historical standpoint but also from the standpoint of avoiding present-day use of the other term. 2 The book mentioned above, by Lei Xiao-tian, uses the term gōngfu 工夫. Others use the term gōngfu 功夫．Liang Shi-qiu's New Practical Chinese-EnglishDictionary defines the first term as:

(1)time; leisure (2) efforts put into a piece of work; labor (3) skill

Note that "time" means "time to do something," as in "I don't have time for that today."

It defines the second term as:

(1) time (to do something) (2) effort (devoted to a task) (3) accomplishment

It defines gúo shù 國術 as:

Chinese boxing

N.B. To the lexicographers, these terms seem to merit very little attention. The Practical Chinese-English Dictionary does, however, give some basic information on schools such as Shào-lí n qúan 少林拳:

name of a school of boxing started during the Tang Dynasty.

[edit] Stolen from the Chinese article for translation and incorporation

Definition: 武术是以踢打摔拿作为技击手段,指用身体的多个部位进行锻炼、击打以提升发挥人体运动潜能及使用传统兵器的技术。 Wu shu is the art that uses kicking, hitting, throwing, and grappling for attack methods and specifies using all parts of the body in training and fighting for the sake of (1) raising the level of and fully mobilizing the latent potentials of the human body (2) using traditional weapons.

“武术”这词语，在历史上的第一个记载是负面的。南朝宋的太子舍人，颜延之（384～456）做了首四言诗《皇太子释奠会作》：“偃闭武术，阐扬文令。庶士倾风，万流仰镜。” 意思是“废止武术，促进文学。使百姓佩服，大家仰慕好榜样。”但是此句中的“武术”应该是指“军事”。此词后来还有在明朝用。李渔的《闲情偶寄·种植部》：“自幼好武术。”也称功夫。 History: The earliest use of the term "wu shu" occured during the Epoch of Division Between North and South, the (Liu-) Song dynasty in a poem by Yan Ting-zhi (384-456) that says: "Cast aside martial arts, give preference to literature, let the ordinary people feel deep respect, and let everyone venerate a good role model." But the term 'wu shu' used in this poem must refer to 'military matters.' This term reappeared during the Ming Dynasty. The "Random gleanings of idle-time emotions, section on gardening" by Li Yu (1610—1680) includes the line, "From youth I loved the martial arts."

[The martial arts] have also been called "gongfu."

[edit] 武术流派

[edit] 中国武术

Chinese martial art

梅花桩 Plum blossom style
少林派 Shaolin_martial_arts
武当派 Wu-dang style
心意拳 Mind-meaning fist
- 河南派心意拳 Henan style of Mind-meaning fist
- 上海派心意拳 Shanghai style of Mind-meaning fist
- 山西戴氏心意拳 Clan Dai of Shan-xi style of Mind-meaning fist
形意拳 Form-meaning fist
- 宋氏形意拳 Clan Song style of Form-meaning fist
- 尚氏形意拳 Clan Shang style of Form-meaning fist
- 车氏形意拳 Clan Ju style of Form-meaning fist
太极拳 Taiji fist
- 陈氏太极拳 Clan Chen style Taiji fist
- 杨氏太极拳 Clan Yang style Taiji fist
- 武氏太极拳 Clan Woo style Taiji fist
- 吴氏太极拳 Clan Wu style Taiji fist
- 孙氏太极拳 Clan Sun style Taiji fist
- 和氏太极拳 Clan He style Taiji fist
- 八卦太极拳 Eight Trigrams style Taiji fist
- 忽雷太极拳 Cong-Lei (?) style Taiji fist
- 赵堡太极拳 Zhao Bao (?) style Taiji fist
八卦掌 Eight Trigrams palm
- 程氏八卦掌 Clan Cheng Eight Trigrams palm
- 尹氏八卦掌 Clan Yin Eight Trigrams palm
咏春拳 Yong-chun fist
洪门拳 Hong-men fist
鹤拳 Crane fist
- 飞鹤拳 Flying crane fist
- 食鹤拳 Feeding crane fist
- 宿鹤拳 Roosting crane fist
- 鸣鹤拳 Calling crane fist
- 白鹤拳 White crane fist
- 纵鹤拳
意拳 Meaning fist
劈挂拳
通背拳
- 五行通背拳
- 祁家通背拳
八极拳 Eight directions fist
燕青拳（迷踪拳）Swallow Blue and Green fist
螳螂拳 Praying Mantis fist Southern_Praying_Mantis Northern_Praying_Mantis
自然门 Nature's Portal
卢氏结构
转气心法
李贤康武术学
轨迹拳学
现代武学 Modern Martial Study
截拳道
谭腿
散手（散打） San-shou (San-da)

[edit] 世界武术

World martial arts

印度武术 Martial arts of India
- 瑜珈 Yoga
- Other Indian, including Latti stave fighting
- Vajra Mushti
- Kalari Payattu
- Silambam Nillaikalakki

日本武术

Japanese martial arts

- 琉球武道 Okinawan Martial Way
- 合气道 Aikido
- 空手道 Karate
- 骨法 Bone method
- 忍术 Ninja techniques
- 相扑
- 柔术 Jujutsu
- 柔道 Judo
- 体道
- 居合
- 剑道 Kendo (Swordsmanship)
- 弓道 Kyudo (Bowmanship)

巴西武术

Brazilian martial arts

- 巴西柔术 Brazillian Judo
- 卡波耶拉

韩国武术

Korean martial arts

- 跆拳道 Taekwondo
- 花郎道
- 太手道
- 韩武道

东南亚武术

S.E. Asian martial arts

- 泰拳 Muay Thai
- 斌道
- Silat
- 越武道 Vietnames martial way
- 菲律宾魔杖 Phillipine

其他国家武术

Martial arts of other origins

- 拳击
- 摔角
- Sambo (martial art)
- Savate
- Krav Maga
- 西洋击剑 Western fencing
- 散打

[edit] 武术家列表

Famous martial artists

田秋信
刘根深

[edit] 武术列表

[edit] 武术典籍

Bibliography of primary works

少林宗派
- 拳经·拳法备要
- 张横秋跌打捉拿秘法
- 少林拳术秘诀

器械
- 太极十三刀连环刀谱
- 贯虱心传
- 耕余剩技
- 手臂录
- 无隐录
- 剑经
- 浑元剑经
- 阴符枪谱

内家拳 Internal school fist

Began in the early years of the Ming dynasty, attributed to Zhang San-feng. It applies elements of the qi-gong exercises of Religious Daoism to martial arts and stresses using soft techniques and exercising one's control of intention. The mind and one's breathing should be harmonized, and motions should become harmonious so that when one's attention is directed to some point one's qi follows it in an appropriate way, and alternations of motions and stillness are under one's control. Soft techniques are used to overcome impetuous attacking force (hard techniques), motions are fluid, and no inkling is ever to be given one's opponent of any intended action. Prominent subdivisions of this category include the Eight Trigrams palm, Taiji quan, Xing-yi quan, and Da-cheng quan, which have all come out of the original Internal Practice.