Waler horse
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Waler is an Australian working horse breed that originated from the horse stock that was brought to the Australian colonies in the 1800s. The name comes from the fact that they were first bred in New South Wales and so were originally known as New South Walers. The waler combined a variety of breeds; notably the Cape horse (from the Cape of Good Hope), English breeds (such as the Thoroughbred, Clydesdale, Percheron and Arab) and the Timor Pony. It was originally considered only a "type" of horse, and not a distinct breed.
Bred in the Australian outback, the waler was a hardy animal with great endurance even when wasted from lack of food and water. It was used as a stockman's horse and prized as a military remount. Between the 1840s and 1940s there was a steady trade in walers to the British Indian Army. Walers were also used by exploration expeditions that traversed inland Australia.
In Australia's two wars of the early 20th century—the Second Boer War and the First World War—the waler was the backbone of the light horse mounted forces. It was especially suited to working in the harsh climate of the Sinai Peninsula and Palestine where it proved superior to the camel as a means of transporting large bodies of troops. The gait of the waler was considered ideal for a cavalry mount. It could maintain a fast walk and could progress directly to a steady, level canter without resorting to a trot which was noisy, liable to dislodge gear and resulted in soreness in the horse's back.
During the First World War, 121,324 walers were sent overseas from Australia. Of these, 39,348 served with the First Australian Imperial Force, mainly in the Middle East, while 81,976 were sent to India. Due to quarantine restrictions, only one waler is known to have been returned to Australia; "Sandy", the mount of Major-General W.T. Bridges, who died at Gallipoli in May, 1915. At the end of the war most surplus horses in the Middle East were sold to the British Army as remounts for Egypt and India. Some horses that were categorised as being unfit were destroyed. Also, some light horsemen chose to destroy their horses rather than part with them, but this was an exception, despite the popular myth that portrays it as the ultimate fate of all the horses. Still, parting with their walers was one of the hardest events the light horsemen had to endure. A poem by "Trooper Bluegum" sums up the men's sentiment:
I don't think I could stand the thought of my old fancy hack
Just crawling round old Cairo with a 'Gyppo on his back.
Perhaps some English tourist out in Palestine may find
My broken-hearted waler with a wooden plough behind.
No: I think I'd better shoot him and tell a little lie:--
"He floundered in a wombat hole and then lay down to die."
May be I'll get court-martialled; but I'm damned if I'm inclined
To go back to Australia and leave my horse behind.
From Australia in Palestine, 1919
As demand for stockhorses and remounts declined in the 1940s, the waler trade ended and in a few decades the breed had almost completely disappeared. In the 1980s efforts began to reestablish the breed using wild walers descended from horses that had been set loose in the outback when the commercial trade ceased.
[edit] See also
Whilst some Waler horses made the Australian Stock Horse register in the early days of its establishment, many other breeds, notably Arab, Quarterhorse, and Thoroughbred have been added. A number of Stock Horses thus are descended from Walers, but in genetic terms the blood percentages are tiny. Walers are a distinct and separate breed and are at this time recognised by two breed societies, the Waler Horse Owner and Breeders Association of Australia, and the Waler Horse Society of Australia.
Walers are not currently available outside of Australia, either as live animals or genetic material.
[edit] External links
- The Waler Horse Society of Australia
- Australian Stock Horse or Waler
- Australian Stock Horse or Waler - at the British Horse Society
- Australian Stock Horse Australian Stock Horse Society
- History of the Australian Stock Horse Society at the OzPets website
