Waldo (short story)

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For other uses of the word and name "Waldo", see Waldo.

Waldo (1942) is a novella by Robert A. Heinlein originally published in Astounding Magazine in August 1942, using the pseudonym Anson Macdonald. It is also available in the book Waldo & Magic, Inc., as well as other collections.

The essence of the story is the journey of a mechanical genius from his self-imposed exile from the rest of humanity to a more normal life, conquering the disease myasthenia gravis as well as his own contempt for humans in general. The key to this is that magic is loose in the world, but in a logical and scientific way.

Waldo Farthingwaite-Jones was born a weakling, unable even to lift his head up to drink or to hold a spoon. Far from destroying him, this channeled his intellect, and his family's money, into the development of the device patented as "Waldo F. Jones' Synchronous Reduplicating Pantograph". Wearing a glove and harness, Waldo could control a much more powerful mechanical hand simply by moving his hand and fingers. This and other technologies he develops make him a rich man, rich enough to build a home in space.

In the story, these devices became popularly known as "waldoes", and in real life the later development of remote manipulators also resulted in the devices being given the name.

Waldo's personality can best be described as arrogance combined with misanthropy. He does not think of himself as crippled. In his mind he is superior to all other humans because of his weakness. He reasons that if a chimpanzee is ten times as strong as a man, and a man is ten times as strong as Waldo, then Waldo is as far above men as men are above chimpanzees. He calls the rest of humanity "smooth apes". His home's location, high above the Earth, is symbolic of his relation to them.

1 Plot summary
2 The Waldo
3 Trivia
4 See also
5 External links

[edit] Plot summary

Spoiler warning: Plot and/or ending details follow.

As the story opens, a dancer is performing feats of astonishing virtuosity on stage. In the dressing room, while preparing to depart for his other job as a neurosurgeon, he reminisces to a reporter.

James Stevens, Chief Engineer of North American Power-Air, or NAPA, is desperate to discover what is causing vehicles driven by broadcast power to cease functioning without reason. Society has harnessed cheap atomic power, broadcast by NAPA, to run homes, factories, ground vehicles, and even personal aircraft which can travel into space. If the failures continue, not only will he be out of a job but the entire power system of the country could collapse.

The heart of the technology is the "DeKalb receptor", which picks up the power beam and feeds it to the rest of the system. The DeKalbs are failing, and no-one, not even Dr. Rambeau of the Research department, can identify the cause. In desperation, Stevens approaches Doc Grimes, the Farthingwaite-Jones family physician who has known Waldo since birth, to try to persuade Waldo to help. Waldo has a grudge against NAPA after losing a legal battle with them some years before. Grimes is Waldo's only friend, or as Grimes puts it, the only person who dares to be rude to him.

Waldo lives in a satellite in high orbit, where the lack of gravity allows him to move around despite his weakness. He makes his living as a consulting engineer, with a specialty in fine motor skills. He is training a machinist using remote controlled waldoes when Grimes and Stevens arrive. Waldo introduces Stevens to his home, and his pets, both adapted to free fall. Baldur the dog is a large mastiff raised from puppyhood in orbit, while the singing bird Ariel, hatched in space, has learned to fly in a completely new way.

The atmosphere is cordial, but once Grimes reveals Stevens' purpose, Waldo turns hostile. Nothing, not even the collapse of Earth society, would persuade him to help NAPA. Stevens leaves, but Grimes has a few words with Waldo, pointing out where his food comes from and so forth. Waldo reluctantly takes the case, but Grimes insists on one more condition — Waldo must figure out what effect broadcast power has on humans. Grimes is seeing a slow weakening of the human physique, and he blames the radiant power industry.

Stevens returns to Earth, to find that one of his one of his engineers who had experienced a power failure in his personal craft had returned. He tells Stevens that he fixed the DeKalb. Stevens is doubtful, since the devices often start working as mysteriously as they stop. The engineer, McLeod, presses the issue. He had loaded his craft onto a ground transport for the journey back, only to have that break down in Pennsylvania Dutch country, where he grew up. Visiting an old hex doctor, known as Gramps Schneider, he let him look at the DeKalbs. Schneider announced that "now the fingers will make", meaning the antennas on the DeKalbs. McLeod found to his surprise that the DeKalbs were indeed functional. However he has saved a surprise for Stevens. In operation, the antennas now flex and wiggle like fingers reaching for something.

Waldo, meanwhile, is working on the problem. Having satisfied himself that the DeKalbs really are having basic problems, he also realizes that Grimes is right. Then he gets a call from Dr. Rambeau, who seems to have come unhinged. Having seen the wiggling DeKalbs, he announces that he knows what is happening. "Magic is loose in the world!" he tells Waldo. He shows Waldo some tricks he can do now he understands magic. He sticks a penknife through his hand and withdraws it without any bleeding, which Waldo finds unimpressive. "Hysterical vascular control, a perfect clinical case," he thinks. Then Rambeau places the knife on the palm of his hand and turns the hand palm down, the knife staying in place.

To Waldo, with his firm footing in the physical sciences, this is either a trick or something truly impossible. He calls Stevens to have Rambeau brought to him, but Stevens reports that Rambeau somehow escaped from his restraints without actually unfastening them. Not only that, he has made another set of DeKalbs behave as strangely as McLeod's. Waldo is his usual self at first, calling Stevens incompetent, but then he seems to mellow. He thanks Stevens instead, and asks to have Rambeau's notes and equipment shipped up to him.

Seeing the eccentric DeKalbs, Waldo realizes that he must learn what happened to them. Schneider will not leave his home, so Waldo has to go back to Earth, an experience he dreads. Shipped down in a medical craft, with Grimes in attendance, he lies in his waterbed while Schneider examines him. Schneider thinks he should get up and walk, but Waldo protests he cannot. Schneider tells him he must "reach out for the power". According to Schneider, the "Other World is close by and full of power", waiting only for someone to grab it. In Schneider's hands, Waldo does indeed experience a sense of well-being, and is able to lift up a coffee cup one-handed for the first time in his life.

Schneider explains an old philosophy, how things can both be true and not true, especially that something which can be true for this world might not be for the Other World. Since our minds sit in the Other World, this is important. McLeod, according to Schneider, was "tired and fretful", and found one of the "bad truths", causing the DeKalbs to fail. Schneider simply looked for the other truth, and the DeKalbs worked.

At first, returning to his home, Waldo thinks the journey wasted. Not really expecting anything, he tries Schneider's methods on a failed DeKalb. To his astonishment, they begin to work in just the same fashion as McLeod's. At this point Stevens calls him to say that things are getting much worse. Waldo, thrown off balance by the "impossible" thing he has just seen, decides to twit Stevens with Rambeau's words: "Magic is loose in the world!" Having seen Waldo's sudden change of heart when Rambeau vanished, Stevens is now convinced that Waldo has come unglued as well — an unnerving prospect, if Waldo is the only one who can fix the problem.

Waldo realizes that Stevens' and Grimes' problems are related. Radiant power is affecting the human nervous system. People feel weak, rundown, fretful, and somehow transfer their malaise to the DeKalbs. He also realizes something that Stevens has not noticed. The repaired DeKalbs work without broadcast power! Apparently they draw energy from Schneider's "Other World".

Waldo uses this to effect his revenge. Summoning NAPA's representatives to his home, he demonstrates that he can fix DeKalbs and can train others to fix them. The repairs are 100% reliable, he asserts. Having received their formal acknowledgment that he has fulfilled his contract, he unveils the "Jones-Schneider DeKalb", a Rube Goldberg contraption which appears to draw power from nowhere. He tells them that with this he can put NAPA out of business. Of course, NAPA offers a settlement from which Waldo profits hugely, even though the new DeKalb is a repaired one with a lot of distracting technology attached.

Having triumphed, Waldo must satisfy himself that he is right. The "Other World" is just a space-time continuum, he thinks, possibly with a different value for the speed of light. It could be right next to our continuum, separated by an infinitesimal amount. If, as Schneider asserts, the mind sits in the Other World, that would explain many things.

Eventually Waldo realizes that he himself can draw strength from the Other World. At first he fails, but after a dream in which Rambeau pops in and out of the Other World to threaten him, he finds that he can indeed be strong. Tricking Grimes and Stevens into taking him to Earth again, he walks out of the craft, almost causing Grimes to have a heart attack.

As he prepares to lead a life on Earth, he has to deal with the fallout from his previous manners. Stevens tells Waldo that, had he not been crippled, some of the things he used to say would have gotten him into a fight. Thinking Stevens means that he should fight now, Waldo knocks him out. Once he recovers, Stevens explains that he no longer feels that way. In fact, he thinks Waldo would be a good friend once he learns some manners.

Returning to the dancer, who is of course Waldo, we see him depart the dressing room with great bonhomie. His principal assistant is the former Chairman of the Board at North American Power-Air.

[edit] The Waldo

A typical illustration of the tools in the story is when Waldo needs to do micro-dissection on the scale of cellular walls. He uses human-sized waldos to make smaller waldos, then those to make even smaller waldos, and continues the series until he has some small enough to work at the cellular scale. It doesn't occur to him to use conventional fabrication techniques to skip straight down to the smallest size.

There are three main factors involved in Heinlein's description of the tools:

They allow work to be done remotely, in the next room or many miles away, or in an environment that could kill a human or be contaminated by human presence.
They can be a different size from normal human hands: either huge for building construction or tiny for microdissection.
They work in conjunction with viewing equipment that allows the user to see the manipulators and what they're doing as if they were the size and location of his own hands, meaning that no training is needed for their use: the user simply moves his hands, inside a glove mechanism, as normal.

[edit] Trivia

Before departing for their first visit to Waldo's orbiting home, Stevens insists they travel on his "broomstick", a fast personal craft consisting of a long shaft inside a hull that is almost invisible . He tells Grimes that Waldo's home "must be all of twenty-five thousand miles up". This is close to the distance of the geostationary orbit in which a satellite remains above the same location on the surface of Earth. In fact, the story goes on to note that Waldo's home orbits with a period of "slightly more than twenty-four hours", presumably so that Waldo can work for clients in any location as the Earth seems to rotate slowly beneath him. This story pre-dates Arthur C. Clarke's famous article on communications satellites by eight years, although it has been pointed out that Hermann Oberth published similar information in 1923.
At Gramps Schneider's home, Waldo is fascinated by a cuckoo clock on the wall. He thinks he would like to have one, but the pendulum mechanism would not work in zero-gravity. He begins speculating about constructing a small centrifuge to supply artificial gravity. As the narrator notes, "It did not occur to him to fake a pendulum movement by means of a concealed power source; he liked things to work properly." In the event, the centrifuge supplies the gravity he uses to test his muscles once he defeats his myasthenia gravis.