Volochysk
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Volochysk (Ukrainian: Волочиськ, translit., Volochys’k) is a city located on the left bank of the Zbruch River in the Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Volochyskyi Raion (district).
The current estimated population is around 24,000 (2005).
Volochysk is an important transport center. Railroads and highways of national importance go through the town.
[edit] History
Volochysk is an old town. Its name used to be “Volochyshche”. It derives from Ukrainian word “volochyty” that means “to portage”. In Halytsko-Volyn princedom time and in the following centuries was the town situated on a trade road from East to West. Merchants had to portage their goods through a river and its waterlogged banks. And a new settlement appeared soon on that place soon(on left and right banks of river Zbruch). It was called “Volochyshche”. The settlement on the right bank was later renamed to “Pidvolochysk”, what means “the place near Volochysk”.
Slavic tribes of “volyniany” used to live on the territory of contemporary Volochysk in ancient times. This region belonged to Kievan Rus' in the ninth and tenth centuries, later to Halych-Volhynian principality.
Volochysk area was ravaged in 1241 by Mongol-tatar tribes, which were coming to conquer Halych after they had seized Kiev.
Volochysk region as a part of Halytsko-Volyn princedom was conquered by Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the second quarter of XIV century. Volochysk was a part of Kuzmynsky povit (district) in that period of time.
Volochysk is first mentioned as “Volochyshche” in Podil statement of Zbarazh princes dated 9th of July 1463. Volochyshche belonged to Volyn baron, prince Vasyl Zbarazhsky, but after his death was inherited by his son Semen Zbarazhsky in 1463.
There was a “black road” not far from Volochysk in the southern part of that region. It was one of the main roads for tatar’s raids into Ukrainian territory. Kuzmynsky povit was vastly ravaged by Crimean horde at the end of XV century. Only few settlements survived.
The welfare of Volochysk grew after its people started trading with other towns of Ukraine. Landlord prince Vladyslav Andriovych Zbarazhsky received the right from the government to establish a village in the area of the settlement in 1557 and since 1558 Volochysk was called village. There were 135 households with 675 people. Volochysk became a trade-craftsmen community. Zbarazhsky family died out after Yuriy Zbarazhsky died and thus Volochysk was inherited by Vyshnevetsky princes in 1631.
The cossaks of Bohdan Khmelnytsky casted off the Polish yoke and freed Volochysk, when they defeated Polish army in the battle of Pyliavtsi in 1648. But Volochysk wasn’t annexed to Russia in 1654. It was still a part of Poland due to Zboriv treaty.
After the Vyshnevetsky family died out, their relative, governor of Kyiv province, Yuzef Pototsky inherited Volochysk in 1695.
Yuzef Pototsky sold Volochysk together with all his estates to crown marshal Fridrikh Moshynsky for 1700 thousand zlots in 1772. Fridrikh Moshynsky was one of the richest Polish landlords, who owned 4 510 000 acres (18,000 km²) of land, 30 682 serfs, many shops and factories.
Fridrikh Morshynsky established a bank in Volochysk at the end of XVIII century. He also built a five-storied castle, a school, and also built another castle 3 miles to the east of the village, thus established a new settlement which was named after him – Fridrikhivka. There were already 58 households in Fridrikhivka in 1866.
The population of the village was illiterate at the beginning of XIX century, because there were no schools till that time. The first one grade school was established there only in 1801, but only children of rich people studied there.
A number of manufacturing enterprises appears in Volochysk in the second part of XIX century. There was a brewery and a candle plant in 1860. A sugar plant owned by German venture “Zbruch” was built in 1870.
A railway from Kyiv to Lviv and a railway station were built here in 1870. It was the first railroad joining Western and Eastern Ukraine.
There were no hospitals in Volochysk before the revolution. Only 4 medical attendants, 5 dentists and 4 midwives worked there in 1913.
Volochysk was at the front line during World War I.
[edit] People
- Rabbi Meïr Löb ben Jehiel Michel Weiser, Malbi"M
[edit] Internet Sources
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Subdivisions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine |  |
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Raions: Bilohirskyi | Chemerovetskyi | Derazhnianskyi | Dunaievetskyi | Horodotskyi | Iziaslavskyi | Kamianets-Podilskyi | Khmelnytskyi | Krasylivskyi | Letychivskyi | Novoushytskyi | Polonskyi | Shepetivskyi | Slavutskyi | Starokostiantynivskyi | Starosyniavskyi | Teofipolskyi | Vinkovetskyi | Volochyskyi | Yarmolynetskyi |
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Cities: Derazhnia | Dunaivtsi | Horodok | Iziaslav | Kamianets-Podilskyi | Khmelnytskyi | Krasyliv | Netishyn | Polonne | Shepetivka | Slavuta | Starokostiantyniv | Volochysk |
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Urban-type settlements: Antoniny | Bazaliya | Bilohirya | Chemerivtsi | Chornyi Ostriv | Hrytsiv | Letychiv | Lozove | Medzhybizh | Narkevychi | Nova Ushytsya | Poninka | Sataniv | Smotrych | Stara Syniava | Stara Ushytsya | Teofipol | Vinkivtsi | Viytivtsi | Vovkovyntsi | Yampil | Yarmolyntsi | Zakupne | more... |
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