User:Viriditas/Timeline of Chacoan history

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Contents 1 Paleo-Indian Period 2 Archaic Period 3 4th century CE 4 5th century 5 6th century 6 7th century 7 8th century 8 9th century 9 10th century 10 11th century 11 12th century 12 13th century 13 14th century 14 15th century 15 16th century 16 17th century 17 18th century 18 19th century 19 20th century 20 References

[edit] Paleo-Indian Period

11000 BC

First foragers?

[edit] Archaic Period

6000 BC-800 BC

Hunter-gatherers

[edit] 4th century CE

[edit] 5th century

490

Basketmaker farming begins

[edit] 6th century

500

Turquoise beads and pendants appear; offerings in great kivas (sites 29SJ423, Shabik' eshchee Village)

[edit] 7th century

600-800

La Plata Black-on-White ceramic

700

Population of Chaco Canyon between 100-200 people ^[1]

[edit] 8th century

[edit] 9th century

800-900

Builders use piñon, juniper, and cottonwood trees that grew close by ^[1]

850-925

Large construction projects. (Plog)

875-1040

Red Mesa Black-on-White ceramics

[edit] 10th century

900-1150

Large buildings, mounds, roadways, great kivas, and tri-walled structures are built throughout the San Juan Basin. ^[2]

900-1125

Construction of Penasco Blanco

900

Emergence of the Chaco Anasazi [1]

900

Chetro Ketl pueblo begun

900-1025

Chaco Wash in erosional cycle and cut a paleo-channel. ^[3]

925-1130

Stable environmental conditions favorable to dry farming throughout the Colorado Plateau. Human populations also stable. ^[4]

950

Keet Seel, second largest cliff dwelling. is inhabited

950

Nonlocal ponderosa is the dominant beam timber; spurce and fir increase

[edit] 11th century

960-1020

Unpredictable rainfall. Little building at Pueblo Bonito ^[1]

1000

Chaco phenomenon.

1000-1075

Great House construction, road expansion (Plog)

1000-1140

Escavada Black-on-White ceramics

1025-1090

Depositional period during which time the paleo-channel was filling. There is some historical, anecdotal evidence that the inhabitants of Chaco Canyon may have constructed a dam at the west end of the canyon. ^[3]

1030

Chacoans seek trees at higher altitudes ^[1]

1040

Increased rainfall ^[1]

1040-1050

Building resumes at Old Bonito. Pueblo Bonito construction stage II ^[1]

1050-1070

Pueblo Bonito becomes more complex. Pueblo Bonito construction stage III ^[1]

1050

Imports of copper bells, Macaws, and shells (origin unknown)

1054

~July 4 - Cliff painting near Penasco Blanco consisting of three symbols: a large star, a crescent moon, and a handprint, may portray the sighting of SN 1054, the Crab Nebula supernova. [2]

1064, 1066

Sunset Crater volcanic eruptions; volcanic debris blankets Jemez Mountains and Bandelier area.

1080-1100

Great North Road construction. (Lekson 1999)

1080

Salmon Ruin established. (Lekson 1999)

1080

Construction of Pueblo Alto begins.

1090

Drought

[edit] 12th century

1075-1123

Pueblo Bonito constructed at Chaco.

?

Five astronomical observatories are built

1100

Peak of Chaco culture.

1100-1104

Tree felling at Pueblo del Arroyo

1106-1125

Aztec Ruins built.

1130

Pueblo Bonito is four stories tall and contains 800 rooms (Neitzel, 2003)

1130-1180

Fifty-year drought in the Southwest. Rain and snow cease to fall. Alluvial groundwater declines, floodplain erosion occurs. Dry-farming zone reduced, crop production potential decreased. Severe arroyo cutting and depression of alluvial groundwater. Severe environmental stress. ^[4]

1140–1150

Collapse of the Ancestral Puebloan culture at Chaco Canyon.

1150

Great Houses empty

1180

Sunset Crater erupts for the second time.

[edit] 13th century

[edit] 14th century

[edit] 15th century

[edit] 16th century

1539

Marcos de Niza erroneously describes the pueblo of Háwikuh as the Seven Cities of Gold.

[edit] 17th century

1680-1692

Pueblo Revolt.

[edit] 18th century

[edit] 19th century

1844

Josiah Gregg refers to the Chaco pueblos in his book Commerce of the Prairies, making its first appearance in popular culture.

1888

Richard Wetherill and Charlie Mason find the Cliff Palace, Spruce Tree House and Square Tower House. Chaco Canyon is surveyed and photographed by Victor and Cosmos Mindeleff of the Bureau of American Ethnology

[edit] 20th century

1960

Floors excavated at Una Vida

1971-1982

The Chaco Project, conducted by the National Park Service and the University of New Mexico, surveys and excavates Chaco Canyon

1976-1978

Fourteen rooms at Pueblo Alto excavated by the Chaco Project

1982

NASA's Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) detects over 200 miles of a prehistoric (AD 900 or 1000) road system in Chaco Canyon, as well as walls, buildings, and agricultural fields.

1983

Dean and Warren estimate 200,000 trees were used to build great houses.

2001

Two-thirds of large roof timbers traced to Chuska Mountains and one-third to San Mateo Mountains. (Diamond 2001)

[edit] References

Chacoan Chacoan