Vietnam Service Medal
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Vietnam Service Medal is a military award which was created in 1965 by order of President Lyndon B. Johnson. The medal is issued to recognize military service during the Vietnam War and is authorized to service members in every branch of the U.S. Armed Forces.
The Vietnam Service Medal is presented to any service member who served more than thirty consecutive days, or 60 non-consecutive days, in the Republic of Vietnam between the dates of 1961-11-15 and 1973-03-28, and from 29 April 1975 to 30 April 1975 . For those service members who supported Vietnam operations from another country (such as Thailand), the Vietnam Service Medal may be authorized if such activity was in direct support of Vietnam combat operations and if such combat support exceeded 30–60 days.
For the United States Navy, vessels operating in Vietnamese waters qualify for the Vietnam Service Medal provided that the naval vessel was engaged in direct support of Vietnam combat operations. The U.S. Air Force also grants the Vietnam Service Medal for 30–60 days of flight missions in Vietnamese air space, even if the home base of the flight mission was not within the Republic of Vietnam.
The Department of Defense established thirty military campaigns during the Vietnam War. For those service members participating in one or more campaigns, a service star is worn on the Vietnam Service Medal. Silver service stars are issued in lieu of five bronze. Some campaigns apply to all of the military services while others are specific to a particular branch of the U.S. Armed Forces (the United States Marine Corps is considered part of the Navy and is eligible only for Navy campaigns). The exception to this rule is Operation Frequent Wind. The arrowhead device is authorized for campaign participation which involved an aerial or amphibious assault. The Fleet Marine Force combat operation insignia is also authorized for certain sailors.
The following are the established combat campaigns authorized for service stars to the Vietnam Service Medal.
- Vietnam Initial Advisory Campaign (USAF): from 1961-11-15 to 1965-03-01
- Vietnam Advisory Campaign (Army, Navy, USCG): from 1962-03-15 to 1965-03-07
- Vietnam Defense Campaign (Army, Navy USCG): from 1965-03-08 to 1965-12-24
- Vietnam Air Defensive Campaign (USAF): from 1965-03-02 to 1966-01-30
- Vietnam Counteroffensive (Army, Navy, USCG): from 1965-12-25 to 1966-06-30
- Vietnam Air Counteroffensive (USAF): from 1966-01-31 to 1966-06-28
- Vietnam Air Offensive (USAF): from 1966-06-29 to 1967-03-08
- Vietnam Counteroffensive, Phase II (Army, Navy, USCG): from 1966-07-01 to 1967-05-31
- Vietnam Air Offensive, Phase II (USAF): from 1967-03-09 to 1968-03-31
- Vietnam Counteroffensive, Phase III (Army, Navy, USCG): from 1967-06-01 to 1968-01-29
- Vietnam Air/Ground Campaign (USAF): from 1968-01-22 to 1968-07-07
- Tet Counteroffensive (Army, USAF, Navy, USCG): from 1968-01-30 to 1968-04-01
- Vietnam Air Offensive, Phase III (USAF): from 1968-04-01 to 1968-10-31
- Vietnam Counteroffensive, Phase IV (Army, Navy, USCG): from 1968-04-02 to 1968-06-30
- Vietnam Counteroffensive, Phase V (Army, Navy, USCG): from 1968-07-01 to 1968-11-01
- Vietnam Air Offensive, Phase IV (USAF): from 1968-11-01 to 1969-02-22
- Vietnam Counteroffensive, Phase VI (Army, Navy, USCG): from 1968-11-02 to 1969-02-22
- Tet 1969 Counteroffensive (Army, USAF, USCG): from 1969-02-23 to 1969-06-08
- Vietnam Summer-Fall 1969 (Army, Navy, USAF, USCG): from 1969-06-09 to 1969-10-31
- Vietnam Winter-Spring 1970 (Army, Navy, USAF, USCG): from 1969-11-01 to 1970-04-30
- Sanctuary Counteroffensive (Army, Navy, USAF, USCG): from 1970-05-01 to 1970-06-30
- Southwest Monsoon (USAF): from 1970-07-01 to 1970-11-30
- Vietnam Counteroffensive, Phase VII (Army, Navy, USCG): from 1970-07-01 to 1971-06-30
- Commando Hunt V (USAF): from 1970-12-01 to 1971-05-14
- Commando Hunt VI (USAF): from 1971-05-15 to 1971-10-31]]
- Consolidation I (Army, Navy, USCG): from 1971-07-01 to 1971-11-30
- Commando Hunt VII (USAF): from 1971-11-01 to 1972-03-29
- Consolidation II (Army, Navy, USCG): from 1971-12-01 to 1972-03-29
- Vietnam Cease Fire (Army, Navy, USAF, USCG): from 1972-03-30 to 1973-03-28
- Operation Frequent Wind (USMC, USAF, Navy): from 29 April 1975 to 30 April 1975
The Vietnam Service Medal (VSM) is retroactive to 1961 and supersedes and replaces the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal (AFEM) which was issued for Vietnam service prior to 1965. Defense Department regulations do not permit the simultaneous presentation of both the Vietnam Service Medal, and the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, for the same period of service in Vietnam, however the AFEM may be exchanged for the VSM upon request from a service member. Veterans of the Vietnam War may exchange the AFEM for the VSM and have military records updated to reflect the difference by contacting the National Personnel Records Center, which is the current agency that provides record corrections reflecting an AFEM upgrade to the Vietnam Service Medal.
The Republic of Vietnam also issued its own version of the Vietnam Service Medal, known as the Vietnam Campaign Medal. This is a separate decoration from the Vietnam Service Medal and is considered a foreign decoration by the U.S. military.
