Viasa
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Viasa was a Venezuelan airline.
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[edit] History
Viasa, Venezolana Internacional de Aviación, Sociedad Anónima - Viasa - was the result of a government decision in 1959 to transfer the international operations of Venezuela's government airline Línea Aeropostal Venezolana - (Aeropostal) - to a newly-created joint venture which, free from government interference, could adequately perform the task of serving as the nation's flag carrier.
Aeropostal put up 51% of the capital and private investors including Avensa (owned then by Pan American World Airways) the remaining 49%. The board of directors came entirely from the private sector.
Viasa began its life as an entity in November of 1960, placing an order for two Convair 880-22M and entering an agreement with KLM for a wet-lease of DC-8 equipment with which to begin operations to Europe in April 1, 1961. KLM would maintain a nurturing relationship with Viasa for another 24 years.
Viasa was the only Latin American airline that flew jet aircraft since its creation, starting with services to the Azores, Lisbon, Madrid, Paris, Rome, Milan, Amsterdam and London in April of 1961, and, after the delivery of its two Convair 880-22M planes, to New York, the Dominican Republic, Panama, New Orleans, Maracaibo, Aruba, Curaçao, Miami, Houston, Bogotá and Lima.
In 1963, Viasa pooled services with Iberia and Alitalia and received its third Convair, which it sublet to KLM for its Netherlands Antilles services (later transferred to Air ALM). Montego Bay and Mexico were added. By 1965, its first DC-8-53 (YV-C-VIC) was delivered, followed by a second DC-8-53 a year later (YV-C-VID).
In 1967 it began operations with a couple of DC-9-15s, leased from Avensa, and provided technical support to a Panamanian airline (Paisa) with routes to San José in Costa Rica, Panama, Barranquilla, (Colombia), Maracaibo and Caracas. Equally, it began flights to Trinidad and Barbados and signed a pool agreement with BOAC for the Caracas-Antigua-London route.
In December of 1968, Viasa received its first DC-8-63 followed by the second one in May of 1969, standardizing its fleet on Douglas airliners.
It also formed a full-cargo subsidiary known as Transcarga with a dry-leased DC-8F (N804SW), which flew from Caracas and Maracaibo to Miami, Panama and New York.
Viasa's first fatal accident occurred on March 16, 1969, in Maracaibo at Grano de Oro Airport where a DC-9-32 (also borrowed from Avensa) crashed on take off falling on nearby blocks of flats and killing all on board plus an almost equal number on the ground. The airplane had been delivered from McDonnell Douglas two weeks before.
In 1971, Viasa signed another agreement with KLM for the dry-leasing of 747-200 equipment from April 1972, (becoming the first Latin American airline to fly the type). PH-BUG was appropriately christened "Orinoco" after Venezuela's largest river and began operations from Caracas to Madrid, Paris, Amsterdam and, in the summer of 1973, to Rome, Milan, Maracaibo and Panamá.
With the arrival of its own McDonnel Douglas DC-10-30 in April 1974 again with KLM's help, Viasa began a process of fleet standardisation based on the DC-10-30.
By 1975 the airline, which had been a model of management and had returned a profit every year since its creation, began showing a disease typical of many other airlines, as, plagued by rising fuel costs and union problems, it posted its first ever loss for the fiscal October 1975-September 1976 year. The Government intervened by nationalising the airline and thus began its downturn, not noticeable at first since Venezuela's economy was strong backed by high oil income and the government did not mind pumping in money to cover mounting losses.
By 1979, Viasa had built up a fleet of 6 DC-10-30s, 2 DC-8-63s, 2 DC-8-53s and 1 DC-8-63F.
In the summer of 1982, Viasa leased a couple of MD-82s from KLM for the Caribbean routes and for new flights from Barquisimeto, Barcelona and Porlamar to Miami, but these were returned to KLM in 1984.
In 1985, Viasa got rid of all its old DC-8s plus a DC-10-30 and kept just 5 DC-10-30s. It revamped its livery almost completely in 1986 by changing its aircraft livery, adopting a whiter body with 3-tone blue cheatlines under the windows. The orange tail kept the white Viasa letters which had been adopted in 1978 with the arrival of DC-10-30 YV-135C.
Two former Lufthansa Airbus A300-B4 jets were leased from GPA in 1987 for the United States and South American services. In 1987, too, the airline was allowed for the first time ever to begin domestic services (something it never quite did as it preferred to stick to international routes instead) and make use of empty seats on the Caracas-Maracaibo and Caracas-Porlamar legs.
The red ink continued to flow and, with the new government policies adopted in 1989, Viasa became the immediate target of privatisation, the idea being that airline employees would retain a 20% shareholding, private investors an additional 60% and the State would keep the rest plus a golden share.
Iberia, the Spanish flag carrier, was the favored bidder in August of 1991, competing against KLM, Viasa's past partner. Iberia apparently milked the airline, (some Venezuelans point at this as one of Viasa's causes of bankruptcy) and the Spanish airline itself was nearly bankrupt (the Spanish government claimed during Iberia's own privatisation, that it was worth just one peseta in 1996 before a massive rescue operation was put underway). While it could be argued that it was not wise to sell a government owned losing company to another government owned losing company, changing the old ways of Viasa was an uphill battle. Iberia at some point was facing the same future as Viasa. However, unlike Viasa it managed to revamp operations and since 1996 the company has year after year reported positive results.
All its aircraft were placed under Iberia's ownership, the Airbuses were sent back to GPA, former Iberia 727s were used by Viasa (competing on the US routes versus American's 757s or A300-600s and United's 757s) and all supplies were purchased centrally through Madrid.
The airline closed for good under acrimony and very sour labour relations in January 1997.
For many years, Viasa offered service on the route between Simón Bolívar International Airport and Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in San Juan, Puerto Rico. This route was one of the first to be cut-off after Viasa ended their relationship with KLM.
Viasas livery consisted of silver on the belly, white on the top part of the fuselage color, with orange and blue cheatlines that went all the way to the start of the tail. The fuselage featured the name Viasa written in orange on top of the cheatlines. The tail was all orange, with the name Viasa in white. After Iberia took over, all the fuselage went white, and so did the tail. The cheatlines were made thicker around the plane's cockpit, to resemble Iberia's planes. Viasa had agreements with Schabak and Gemini Jets to produce their die-cast airplane models, and with Hasegawa of Japan to produce their plastic plane models.
[edit] Recent times
Viasa is remembered fondly by many Venezuelans. There have been attempts to revive the airline, and some of Viasa's routes have been handed over by the Venezuelan Government to other airlines, such as Aeropostal, Avior and Santa Barbara. Avensa originally overtook all the existing routes that Viasa operated until it went bankrupt.
The current Venezuelan government of Hugo Chávez has started a new revival for Viasa under the name of Conviasa, with routes limited to a small selection of national and international destinations in neighboring countries.
[edit] Timetable image note
The image of the Viasa timetable is used with permission and as courtesy of Bjorn Larsson and David Zekria, and are part of their personal collections.
