Vancouver Island Ranges
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The Vancouver Island Ranges extend the length of Vancouver Island which has an area of 31,788 km². The Vancouver Island Ranges comprise the central and largest part of the island.[1] The Geological Survey of Canada refers to Vancouver Island, the Queen Charlotte Islands the Alaska Panhandle as the Insular Belt including the sea floor out to 100 km west of Vancouver Island.[2]
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[edit] Explorations
The first European sighting[3] of these ranges was likely Sir Francis Drake. A sighting of land on June 5, 1579 was recorded by his crew aboard the Golden Hind at a latitude of 48 degrees north but not finding safe harbour, they moved on southward. The highest peak of the Vancouver Island Ranges, the Golden Hinde is named for his vessel.
The first explorer of which there is a record was Captain Juan Jose Perez aboard the Spanish frigate Santiago. Although he anchored off Estevan Point, on August 8, 1774 he did not land. Captain James Cook entered Nootka Sound March 29, 1778 and spent about a month refitting his ships Discovery and Resolution. His logs contain the first recorded reference to the mountains of Vancouver Island. In 1788 British Captain John Meares began a small settlement at Nootka Sound and the following year, the Spanish built a permanent fort at Friendly Cove (Yuquot) in Nuu-chah-nulth territory. The Spanish claimed sovereignty and a dispute arose which was resolved with the Nootka Convention of the 1794. There was little further explanation until the the Hudson's Bay Company was granted rights to Vancouver Island on January 13, 1849 leading to the first attempt, by Captain Hamilton Moffat in 1852 to ascend a major peak on the Island when he attempted Rugged Mountain.
Adam Grant Horne located a trail across the island from the Qualicum River to the Alberni Inlet in 1856 and Joseph Despard Pemberton, Surveyor General of the Colony of Vancouver Island explored much of the southern half of the Island in 1857. By the mid 1880s the southern half of the island had been explored and by 1890 the northern region had been explored as well. The central part of the island, the area now within Strathcona Provincial Park, was explored by Reverend William Washington Bolton, Headmaster of the Victoria School for Boys, in 1894 and 1896.
[edit] Ranges
The Vancouver Island Ranges are:
- Beaufort Range: North of Port Alberni and west of Qualicum Beach.
- Bonanza Range: Between the Nimpkish River and the Tsitika River by Bonanza Lake.
- Elk River Mountains: In Strathcona Provincial Park.
- Franklin Range: Near Robson Bight on the Johnstone Strait between the Tsitika River and Kokish River.
- Genevieve Range: Western Nootka Sound.
- Gowlland Range: Near Victoria between Saanich Inlet and Brentwood Bay. Includes Mount Work Regional Park.
- Haihte Range: Between Tashsis River, the Nomash River, Zeballos Lake and Woss Lake.
- Halifax Range: Along Johnstone Strait between Amor de Cosmos Creek and Pye Creek.
- Hankin Range: Between Nimpkish Lake and Bonanza Lake.
- Karmutzen Range: Between Nimpkish Lake, Tlakwa Creek and Karmuzten Creek.
- Pelham Range: Between the Sarita River and Alberni Inlet.
- Pierce Range: South of Gold River between the Jacklah River and the Burman River.
- Prince of Wales Range: East coast of Vancouver Island 40 km north of Campbell River.
- Refugium Range: On the Brooks Peninsula.
- Seymour Range (Vancouver Island): Between the valley of Cowichan Lake, San Juan River and Gordon River.
- Somerset Range: Between Nitinat Lake and Imperial Eagle channel.
- Sophia Range: On Nootka Island, on the peninsula between Esperanza Inlet and Nuchatlitz Inlet.
- Sutton Range: Between Nimpkish River, White River, Oktwanch River, Gold River.
[edit] Peaks of the Vancouver Island Ranges by Height
| Mountain/Peak | Height (metres) | Prominence (metres) | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Golden Hinde | 2,201 | 0 | Elk River |
| Elkhorn Mountain | 2,195 | 996 | Elk River |
| Victoria Peak | 2,163 | 1,849 | Sutton |
| Mount Colonel Foster | 2,135 | 864 | Elk River |
| Mount Albert Edward | 2,094 | 1,203 | |
| Rambler Peak | 2,092 | 647 | Elk River |
| Mount McBride | 2,083 | 918 | |
| King's Peak | 2,065 | 328 | Elk River |
| Mount Celeste | 2,041 | 369 | |
| The Comb | 2,040 | 0 | |
| Mount Filberg | 2,035 | 0 | |
| Red Pillar | 2,035 | 0 | |
| Mount Cobb | 2,031 | 0 | |
| Behinde | 1,989 | 0 | |
| Mount Colwell | 1,989 | 0 | |
| Alexandra Peak | 1,983 | 0 | |
| Argus Mountain | 1,982 | 0 | |
| Mount Harmston | 1,982 | 0 | |
| Mount Regan | 1,982 | 0 | |
| Iceberg Peak | 1,977 | 0 | |
| Warden Peak | 1,970 | 0 | |
| El Piveto Mountain | 1,969 | 500 | |
| Mount Rosseau | 1,962 | 0 | |
| Comox Glacier | 1,960 | 0 | |
| Mount Haig Brown | 1,947 | 0 | |
| Mount Frink | 1,921 | 0 | |
| Shepherd Ridge | 1,921 | 0 | |
| Peak 1920 | 1,920 | 0 | |
| Peak 1909 | 1,909 | 0 | |
| Mount George V | 1,884 | 0 | |
| The Misthorns | 1,880 | 0 | |
| Tzela Mountain | 1,880 | 0 | |
| Rugged Mountain | 1,875 | 0 | Haihte |
| Mount Adrian | 1,870 | 0 | |
| Mount Shoen | 1,862 | 0 | |
| Big Interior Mountain | 1,863 | 0 | |
| Sutton Peak | 1,862 | 0 | |
| Mount Septimus | 1,850 | 0 | |
| Crown Mountain | 1,846 | 1339 | |
| Nine Peaks | 1,842 | 0 | |
| Syd Watts Peak | 1,840 | 0 | |
| Siokum Mountain | 1,840 | 0 | |
| Siocomb Peak | 1,840 | 0 | |
| Mount Mitchell | 1,838 | 0 | |
| Jutland Mountain | 1,838 | 0 | |
| Puzzle Mountain | 1,828 | 0 | |
| Maquilla Peak | 1,821 | 0 | |
| Mount Arrowsmith | 1,817 | 1,429 | Beaufort |
| Mount Donner | 1,812 | 0 | |
| Mount Kent-Urquhart | 1,811 | 0 | |
| Mount Myra | 1,810 | 0 | |
| Matchlee Mountain | 1,806 | 0 | |
| Moyeha Mountain | 1,804 | 0 | |
| Mount Cain | 1,804 | 0 | |
| Mount Abel | 1,800 | 0 | |
| Ptarmigan Pinnacles | 1,800 | 0 | |
| Morrison Spire | 1,800 | 0 | |
| Merlon Mountain | 1,798 | 0 | |
| Mount Laing | 1,798 | 0 | |
| Mount Tom Taylor | 1,778 | 0 | |
| Mariner Mountain | 1,778 | 0 | |
| Big Den Mountain | 1,776 | 0 | |
| Peak 5800 | 1,768 | 0 | |
| Bonanza Peak | 1,767 | 0 | |
| Mount Hapush | 1,767 | 0 | |
| Marble Peak | 1,767 | 0 | |
| Splendour Mountain | 1,766 | 0 | |
| Mount Palmerston | 1,763 | 0 | |
| Mount Burman | 1,756 | 0 | |
| Mount Judson | 1,747 | 0 | |
| Mount Beadnell | 1,746 | 0 | |
| Mount Ashwood | 1,744 | 0 | |
| Mount Con Reid | 1,744 | 0 | |
| Mount Alston | 1,743 | 0 | |
| Watchtower Peak | 1,740 | 0 | |
| Mount Russell | 1,740 | 0 | |
| Elk Mountain | 1,737 | 0 | |
| Ya'ai Peak | 1,736 | 0 | |
| Trio Mountain | 1,732 | 0 | |
| Phillips Ridge | 1,732 | 0 | |
| Mount Thelwood | 1,731 | 0 | |
| Mount Phillips | 1,723 | 0 | |
| Wolf Mountain | 1,731 | 0 | |
| Mount Adam | 1,729 | 0 | |
| Mount DeVoe | 1,710 | 0 | |
| Haihte Spire | 1,706 | 0 | |
| Jagged Mountain | 1,701 | 0 | |
| Whiltilla Mountain | 1,693 | 0 | |
| Popsicle Peak | 1,682 | 0 | |
| Mount Bate | 1,680 | 0 | |
| Volcano Peak | 1,676 | 0 | |
| Mount Abraham | 1,676 | 0 | |
| South Blades | 1,676 | 0 | |
| Scimitar Peak | 1,676 | 0 | |
| Tyee Mountain | 1,672 | 0 | |
| Hkusam Mountain | 1,670 | 0 | |
| Mount Heber | 1,666 | 0 | |
| Crest Mountain | 1,661 | 0 | |
| Tsitika Mountain | 1,657 | 0 | |
| Mount Juliet | 1,637 | 0 | |
| M.S. Mountain | 1,655 | 0 | |
| Mount Nora | 1,648 | 0 | |
| Mount Sarai | 1,646 | 0 | |
| Mount Derby | 1,646 | 0 | |
| Mount Klitsa | 1,642 | 0 | |
| Queen Peak | 1,640 | 0 | |
| Mount Romeo | 1,637 | 0 | |
| Mount McKelvie | 1,630 | 0 | |
| Hyro Peak | 1,628 | 0 | |
| Mount Eden | 1,625 | 0 | |
| Mount Cokely | 1,616 | 0 | |
| Kokummi Mountain | 1,615 | 0 | |
| Thumb Peak | 1,615 | 0 | |
| Mount Moriarty | 1,610 | 0 | |
| Big Baldy Mountain | 1,610 | 0 | |
| Bancroft Peak | 1605? | 0 | |
| Waring Peak | 1,601 | 0 | |
| The Scissors | 1,597 | 0 | |
| Woss Mountain | 1,594 | 0 | |
| Mount Elliot | 1,581 | 0 | |
| Zeballos Peak | 1,576 | 0 | |
| Mount McQuillan | 1,575 | 0 | |
| Malaspina Peak | 1,573 | 0 | |
| Peak 5150 | 1,570 | 0 | |
| Nahmint Mountain | 1,568 | 0 | |
| Mount Peel | 1,564 | 0 | |
| Mount Joan | 1,557 | 0 | |
| Mount Grattan | 1,550 | 0 | |
| Mount Flannigan | 1,550 | 0 | |
| Mount Alava | 1,550 | 0 | |
| Pinder Peak | 1,542 | 0 | |
| Mount Whymper | 1,541 | 0 | |
| Abco Mountain | 1,526 | 0 | |
| Peak 5005 | 1,525 | 0 | |
| Stevens Peak | 1,509 | 0 | |
| Barad-dur | 1,505 | 0 | |
| Mook Peak | 1,505 | 0 | |
| El Capitan Mountain | 1,492 | 0 | |
| Mount Service | 1,490 | 0 | |
| Douglas Peak | 1,490 | 0 | |
| Genesis Mountain | 1,486 | 0 | |
| Mount Titus | 1,481 | 0 | |
| Conuma Peak | 1,481 | 0 | |
| Lone Wolf Mountain | 1,481 | 0 | |
| Limestone Mountain | 1,480 | 0 | |
| Adder Peak | 1,480 | 0 | |
| Megin Mountain | 1,480 | 0 | |
| The Stone Trolls | 1,478 | 0 | |
| Ursus Mountain | 1,471 | 0 | |
| Mount Milner | 1,470 | 0 | |
| Steamboat Peak | 1,465 | 0 | |
| Mount Roberts | 1,463 | 0 | |
| Mount Leiner | 1,458 | 0 | |
| Mount Kitchener | 1,457 | 0 | |
| Tlakwa Mountain | 1,457 | 0 | |
| Mount Sir John | 1,429 | 0 | |
| Karmutzen Mountain | 1,426 | 0 | |
| Leighton Peak | 1,411 | 0 | |
| Merry Widow Mountain | 1,402 | 0 | |
| Snowsaddle Mountain | 1,400 | 0 | |
| Jacklah Mountain | 1,400 | 0 | |
| Mount Cederstedt | 1,379 | 0 | |
| Half Dome | 1,365 | 0 | |
| Mount De Cosmos | 1,355 | 0 | |
| Peak 4400 | 1,341 | 0 | |
| Peak 4330 | 1,319 | 0 | |
| Kaouk Mountain | 1,309 | 0 | |
| Peak 4225 | 1,287 | 0 | |
| Kwois Peak | 1,274 | 0 | |
| Mount Wolfenden | 1273 | 0 | |
| Garibaldi Peaks | 1,235 | 0 | |
| Mount Hannah | 1,250 | 0 | |
| Shelbert Mountain | 1,207 | 0 | |
| Mount Brenton | 1,200 | 0 | |
| Mamat Mountain | 1,161 | 0 | |
| Lukwa Mountain | 1,142 | 0 | |
| Mount Renwick | 1,139 | 0 | |
| Mount Gore | 1,120 | 0 | |
| Grayback Peak | 1,119 | 0 | |
| Carter Peak | 1,097 | 0 | |
| Comestock Peak | 1,097 | 0 | |
| Mount Rufus | 1,080 | 0 | |
| False Ears | 1,063 | 0 | |
| Mount Albemarie | 1,040 | 0 | |
| Mount Clark | 1,036 | 0 | |
| Pretty Girl Peak | 1,020 | 0 | |
| Mount Pickering | 1,006 | 0 | |
| Sydney Cone | 996 | 0 | |
| Mount Seaton | 957 | 0 | |
| Mount Crespi | 920 | 0 | |
| Mount Lombard | 920 | 0 | |
| Nunatak Mountain | 909 | 0 | |
| Saxifrage Mountain | 800 | 0 | |
| Doom Mountain | 762 | 0 |
[edit] Sources
- Philip Stone (2003). Island Alpine, A Guide to the Mountains of Strathcona Park and Vancouver Island. Wild Isle Publications: Heriot Bay, BC. ISBN 0-9680766-5-3.
- Lindsay Elms (1996). Beyond Nootka, A Historical Perspective of Vancouver Island Mountains. Misthorn Press: Courtenay, BC. ISBN 0-9680159-0-5.
[edit] External links
[edit] References
- ^ Guthrie, R.H. 2005. Geomorthology of Vancouver Island (electronic resource); mass wasting potential. BC Ministry of Environment, Victoria BC Report No RR01. PDF p 1 (and see map at p 2 for area of Vancouver Island Ranges) ISBN 0-7726-5468-9
- ^ Geodetic Survey of Canada, Cordilleran Geoscience Island mountains and sea floor
- ^ see Elms, p 17-29 for the sources of this section
