Vanand

Vanand (Armenian: Վանանդ) is the name used to describe the area of historic Armenia that roughly corresponds to the Kars Province of present-day Turkey. Named after the Armenian family of Vanandi, it was a principality of the Kingdom of Armenia and a later province of the Democratic Republic of Armenia. Its historic capital was the city of Kars. The region fell to numerous invaders including the Assyrians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Mongols, Persians, and the Ottoman Turks. After the 1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War, the Russian Empire acquired the region at the Congress of Berlin. The area still retained a majority Armenian population, but after World War I, most of it was decimated during the Turkish invasion of the Democratic Republic of Armenia in 1920. It was eventually retaken by the Bolsheviks but then placed under Turkish control again by the Treaty of Kars.