Vacuum impedance

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The vacuum impedance, also called:

characteristic impedance of vacuum
Impedance of free space
Wave resistance of vacuum

is an universal constant defined as:

$Z_\circ=\sqrt{{\mu_\circ \over \varepsilon_\circ}}$

where

$\scriptstyle{\mu_\circ}$ is the permeability of free space
$\scriptstyle{\varepsilon_\circ}$ is the permittivity of free space

In SI units the value of $\scriptstyle{Z_\circ}$ is

$Z_\circ= 376.730313461\,$ ohms

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