Use of capital punishment by nation

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At one time capital punishment was used in almost every part of the globe; but over the last few decades many countries have abolished it. Amnesty International classifies countries in four categories. 69 countries still maintain the death penalty in both law and practice. 88 countries have abolished it completely; 11 retain it, but only for crimes committed in exceptional circumstances (such as crimes committed in time of war). 29 other countries maintain laws permitting the use of the death penalty for ordinary crimes, but have allowed the death penalty to fall into disuse for at least 10 years. Finally, it is not unknown for countries to practice extrajudicial execution sporadically or systematically outside their own formal legal frameworks. This list includes several unrecognized states with de facto control over their territory.

Contents 1 List of countries by status of capital punishment 2 Africa 3 Asia 4 Europe 5 North America and Caribbean 6 Oceania 7 South America 8 References 9 External links

[edit] List of countries by status of capital punishment

[edit] Africa

Executions in 2004: Egypt (6),Somalia (4^[1]), Sudan (2)

	Country	Capital Punishment?	Last Execution	Abolished in
	Algeria	Yes; not used in practice	August 1993
	Treason and espionage; attempts to change the regime or actions aimed at incitement; destruction of territory, sabotage to public and economic utilities; massacres and slaughters; participation in armed bands or in insurrectionary movements; counterfeiting; murder; acts of torture or cruelty; kidnapping; aggravated theft
	Angola	No		1992 (by Constitution)
	Benin	Yes; not used in practice	1987
	armed robbery[2]; Murder[3]; traffickers involved in "labor exploitation"[4]
	Botswana	Yes	19 September 2003[5]
	Murder; Treason; Attempt on the life of the head of state; Mutiny; Desertion in the face of the enemy[6]
	Burkina Faso	Yes; not used in practice	1988
	Treason[7]
	Burundi	Yes	2000 or later[8]
	Murder[9]
	Cameroon	Yes	January 1997[10]
	Secession; espionage; incitement to war[11]
	Cape Verde	No	1835	1981 (by Constitution)
	Central African Republic	Yes; not used in practice	1981
	Treason; espionage; charlatanism; witchcraft; assassination; murder[12]
	Chad	Yes	2003[13]
	Murder
	Comoros	Yes	1996 or later[14]
	Democratic Republic of the Congo	Yes	2003[15]
	Republic of the Congo	Yes; not used in practice	1982
	Côte d'Ivoire	No	None since independence[16]	2000
	Djibouti	No	None since independence	1995
	Egypt	Yes	2004 or later
	Rape, only if accompanied by kidnapping of the victim. Murder. Treason. Organized Drug Trafficking.
	Equatorial Guinea	Yes
	Eritrea	Yes
	Ethiopia	Yes
	Gabon	Yes; not used in practice	1981[17]
	The Gambia	Yes; not used in practice	1981
	Treason. Abolished 1993 but was reinstated by Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council in August 1995[18]
	Ghana	Yes; not used in practice	1993
	Murder; Treason; Armed robbery[19]
	Guinea-Bissau	No	1986	1993 (by Constitution)
	Guinea	Yes	2001[20]
	Murder
	Kenya	Yes; not used in practice	1984
	Murder and armed robbery[21]
	Lesotho	Yes
	Liberia	No	1995[22]	September 16, 2005
	Liberia acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, completely abolishing the death penalty
	Libya	Yes	2005[23]
	High treason; attempt to forcibly change the form of government; premeditated murder[24]
	Madagascar	Yes; not used in practice	1958
	Malawi	Yes; not used in practice	1992[25]
	Mali	Yes; not used in practice	1980
	Mauritania	Yes; not used in practice	1987
	Sodomy[26]; Apostasy[27] (Although apostasy is a capital offense there are no recorded executions for it).
	Mauritius	No	1987	1995
	Morocco	Yes; not used in practice	1993
	Terrorism[28]. An abolition law project is being presented to the Parliament of Morocco in spring 2007. Main article: Human rights in Morocco#Capital punishment
	Mozambique	No	1986	1990 (by Constitution)
	Namibia	No	1988	1990 (by Constitution)
	Niger	Yes; not used in practice	1976
	Nigeria	Yes	2001[29]
	Sodomy[30]. Each of the 36 states have their own laws. In the north of the country the legal system used is Sharia (Islamic law)
	Rwanda	Yes	1998[31]
	Genocide[32]
	São Tomé and Príncipe	No	None since independence	1990 (by Constitution)
	Senegal	No	1967	10 December 2004
	Seychelles	No	None since independence	1993 (by Constitution)
	Sierra Leone	Yes	1998
	Treason[33]; Murder; Aggravated robbery. Under the Special Court for Sierra Leone the death penalty is not a punishment for war crimes[34]
	Somalia	Yes	2 May 2006[35]
	After the breakdown of de jure government, most regions reverted to Islamic law
	Somaliland	Yes
	South Africa	No	31 January 1991[36]	1997
	On 25 May 2005 the Constitutional Court ordered that all remaining death sentences in the country be set aside and the prisoners resentenced. This last execution occurred in the internationally unrecognised Black "homelands". The last execution in Pretoria Central Prison was on November 14, 1989.
	Sudan	Yes	2004[37]
	Sodomy[38]; Waging war against the state[39]; Apostasy[40]; Prostitution; Treason; Acts which may endanger the independence or unity of the state; Murder; Armed robbery; Weapons possession and smuggling[41]
	Swaziland	Yes; not used in practice	1983[42]
	Murder[43]; treason[44]
	Tanzania	Yes	1994
	Murder; Treason[45]
	Togo	Yes; not used in practice	1978[46]
	Premeditated murder; plots against the security of the State[47]
	Tunisia	Yes; not used in practice	1991
	Murder; violence and aggression; attacks against the internal security of the State; attacks against the external security of the State[48]
	Uganda	Yes	2003[49]
	Treason; Terrorism; Murder[50]; Rape; Defilement; Aggravated robbery; Aggravated kidnapping. On June 14, 2005 the Constitutional court ruled that although the death penalty was constitutional, its use as a mandatory punishment for certain crimes was not.[51]
	Western Sahara	No	1976
	The Constitution of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic explicitly outlaws the death penalty; Article 13, from the 1991 revision reads "The death penalty is banned" (translated into English from the Arabic.)[52]
	Zambia	Yes	1997
	Murder; Aggravated robbery; High treason. President Levy Mwanawasa stated in 2004 that "For as long as I remain President, I will not execute a death warrant."[53]
	Zimbabwe	Yes	June 2003[54]
	Treason; Murder; Mutiny[55]

[edit] Asia

Executions in 2004: Afghanistan (1), Bangladesh (7), People's Republic of China (3,400), Taiwan (3^[56]), India (1), Indonesia (3), Iran (≈159^[57]), Japan (2), Jordan (1^[58]), North Korea (probably 40+), Kuwait (9), Lebanon (3), Pakistan (15), Saudi Arabia (33), Singapore (6), Syria (2), Tajikistan (4), Uzbekistan (62), Vietnam (64), Yemen (6)

	Country	Death Penalty?	Last Execution	Abolished in
	Afghanistan	Yes	April 20, 2004[59]
	Murder; child smuggling in order to use the victim's body parts; Apostasy (see Abdul Rahman (convert))
	Armenia	No	1991[60]	2003
	Azerbaijan	No	1992[61]	1998
	Bahrain	Yes; not used in practice	1996
	premeditated murder; plotting to topple the regime; collaborating with a foreign hostile country; threatening the life of the Emir; defiance of military orders in time of war or martial state
	Bangladesh	Yes	2005[62]
	Murder[63]; drug offences[64]; Trafficking in children for immoral or illegal purposes; Trafficking in women for purposes of prostitution[65]
	Bhutan	No	1974[66]	2004
	Brunei	Yes; not used in practice	1957
	Murder; unlawful possession of firearms and explosives[67]; possession of heroin, ecstasy and morphine derivatives of more than 15 grams, Cocaine of more than 30 grams, Cannabis of more than 500 grams, Syabu or methamphetamine of more than 50 grams, or Opium of more than 1.2 kg[68]
	Cambodia	No		1989 (by Constitution)
	China	Yes	2005
	Embezzlement[69]; Rape of children[70]; Fraud[71]; Bombing[72]; People trafficking[73]; Piracy; Theft[74]; Corruption; Arson[75]; Murder; "Endangering national security"; Terrorism[76] (see Capital punishment in the People's Republic of China) (The two special administrative regions, namely Hong Kong and Macau, have abolished death penalty.)
	Taiwan	Yes	2005[77]
	Since 2004, most death sentences have been informally given moratorium by President Chen Shui-bian except serious murders Main article: Capital punishment in Taiwan
	East Timor	No		1999
	Hong Kong	No	1966	1993*
	*when Hong Kong was under British rule, and remains so after the handover to the People's Republic of China.
	India	Yes	August 14, 2004[78]
	Murder, instigating a child's suicide, treason, acts of terrorism, or a second conviction for drug trafficking. For more information see Capital punishment in India
	Indonesia	Yes	2006[79]
	Drug trafficking[80]; Terrorism[81]
	Iran	Yes	2006[82]
	Sodomy[83]; Armed Robbery[84]; Terrorism[85]; Drug trafficking[86]; Kidnapping & rape[87]; Murder[88]; Apostasy[89]
	Iraq	Yes	September 1, 2005[90]
	murder; endangering national security; distributing drugs; rape; attacks on transport convoys; financing and execution of terrorism[91]. Suspended in April 2003 after 2003 invasion; reinstated August 2004
	Israel	Only for exceptional crimes	1962	1954 (for other crimes)
	Crimes against humanity[92], high treason. Only one execution after 1954 (Adolf Eichmann).
	Japan	Yes	September 16, 2005[93]
	Prosecutors only push for the death penalty in the case of multiple murders, or if a single murder with aggravating circumstances.[94] Judges usually impose death penalty in case of multiple homicides. Between 1946 and 2003, Japanese courts sentenced 766 people to death, 608 of whom were executed. For 40 months from 1989 to 1993 the successive ministers of justice refused to authorise executions, which amounted to informal moratorium.
	Jordan	Yes	2005[95]
	Murder[96]
	Kazakhstan	Yes	2003[97]
	murder with aggravating circumstances; terrorism; attempt on the life of a person administering justice or preliminary investigations; attempt on the life of the president; state treason; sabotage; planning, preparation, or conduct of aggressive war; use of prohibited means and methods of conducting war; genocide; and mercenary participation in armed conflict[98]. Moratorium since 17 December 2003
	North Korea	Yes	2005[99]
	Plots against national sovereignty; terrorism ; treason against the Motherland by citizens; treason against the people; murder[100]
	South Korea	Yes	1997[101]
	Murder[102]. There has been an unofficial moratorium on executions since President Kim Dae-jung took office in February 1998[103]
	Kuwait	Yes	2005[104]
	Drugs Trafficking; Rape & Murder[105]
	Kyrgyzstan	Yes; not used in practice
	Murder; rape of a female minor; genocide[106]. President Aksar Akayev extended a moratorium in January 2004 that has been in place since 1998.
	Laos	Yes	1989[107]
	Drugs trafficking[108]
	Lebanon	Yes	2004
	Murder[109]
	Macau	No
	Death penalty and life imprisonment remain legally prohibited. The maximum possible sentence is imprisonment for 30 years.
	Malaysia	Yes	2001[110]
	Mandatory for Trafficking in dangerous drugs; Discharging a firearm in the Commission of a scheduled offence; Accomplices in case of discharge of firearm; Offences against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong’s person; Murder. Discretionary for Kidnapping; Consorting with person carrying or having possession of arms or explosives; Waging or attempting to wage war or abetting the waging of war against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, a Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri[111]
	Maldives	Yes; not used in practice	1952
	Murder[112]
	Mongolia	Yes
	terrorist acts committed for political purposes; terrorist acts against representatives of a foreign State for political purposes; sabotage; premeditated murder committed with aggravating circumstances; and rape with aggravating circumstances ; Armed Robbery[113]. According to Amnesty International, executions were carried out in secret and there are no official statistics[114]
	Myanmar	Yes; not used in practice	1993
	High treason[115]
	Nagorno-Karabakh	Yes; not used in practice	Never
	de facto moratorium on executions since 1997[116]
	Nepal	No	1979	1997 (by Constitution)
	Oman	Yes	2001[117]
	Murder; Drug trafficking[118]
	Pakistan	Yes	2005[119]
	Murder[120]; Sodomy[121]; Gang rape; Mutiny[122] (see Capital punishment in Pakistan)
	Palestinian National Authority	Yes	2005[123]
	Murder; Rape; Collaborating with Israeli forces to assassinate Palestinians[124]. There had been an unofficial moratorium since 2002 after President Yasser Arafat stopped authorising executions.
	Philippines	No	2000	June 24, 2006
	Abolished in 1987 under the present constititution, re-introduced in 1993, re-abolished on June 24, 2006 under Republic Act No. 9346.
	Qatar	Yes	2001
	Espionage[125]; Threat to national security[126]; Apostasy[127]. Although apostasy is a capital offense there are no recorded executions for it
	Saudi Arabia	Yes	2005[128]
	Many violent and nonviolent offenses including murder, apostasy, drug offenses, witchcraft and sexual misconduct.[129]. Method most often used is beheading by a sword
	Singapore	Yes	2005
	murder, kidnapping, treason, certain firearm offences, trafficking in more than 15 grams (half an ounce) of heroin, 30 grams of cocaine or 500 grams of cannabis[130] (see capital punishment in Singapore)
	Sri Lanka	Yes; not used in practice	June 23, 1976
	Murder, Perjury causing an innocent person to be executed, rape, drug trafficking. Moratorium from 1976 to 2003; reinstated in 2004
	Syria	Yes	2004[131]
	treason; murder; political acts such as bearing arms against Syria in the ranks of the enemy, desertion of the armed forces to the enemy and acts of incitement under martial law or in wartime; violent robberies; rape; verbal opposition to the government; and membership in the Muslim Brotherhood[132]
	Tajikistan	Yes	2004
	Murder with aggravating circumstances; rape with aggravating circumstances; terrorism; biocide; genocide[133]. Moratorium introduced 30 April 2004 by President Emomali Rahmonov
	Thailand	Yes	December 12, 2003[134]
	Offenses include Regicide; Sedition or Rebellion; Offences committed against the external security of Thailand; Murder or attempted murder of a foreign head of state; Bribery; Arson; Rape; Murder with intent; Kidnapping; Robbery resulting in death. For a full list see here (PDF)
	Turkmenistan	No		1999 (by Constitution)
	United Arab Emirates	Yes	2002[135]
	Murder; Drug offences[136]; homosexuality[137]; Rape; Treason; Aggravated robbery; Apostasy; Environmental pollution; Terrorism[138]
	Uzbekistan	Yes	2005[139]
	Murder with aggravating circumstances; Terrorism[140]; Genocide; Crimes of aggression[141]. President Islam Karimov signed a decree on 1 August 2005 to replace the death penalty with life imprisonment by 2008[142]
	Vietnam	Yes	2005[143]
	treason; taking action to overthrow the government; espionage; rebellion; banditry; terrorism; sabotage; hijacking; destruction of national security projects; undermining peace; war crimes; crimes against humanity; manufacturing, concealing and trafficking in narcotic substances; murder; rape; robbery; embezzlement; fraud[144]
	Yemen	Yes	2005[145]
	Murder[146]; Adultery[147]; homosexuality[148]; Apostasy[149]. Although apostasy is a capital offense there are no recorded executions for it

[edit] Europe

Main article: Capital punishment in Europe

Executions in 2004: Belarus (5)

	Country	Death Penalty?	Last Execution	Abolished in
	Abkhazia	Yes; not used in practice	Never
	treason; espionage; act of terrorism; act of terrorism against a representative of a foreign state; subversive activity; banditry and actions to disorganize the functioning of penitentiary institutions; aggravated murder; rape[150]. Moratorium since 1993[151]
	Albania	Only for exceptional crimes	1995[152]	2000
	Andorra	No	1943	1990 (by Constitution)
	Austria	No	1950	1968 (by Constitution)
	Belarus	Yes	2004
	acts of aggression; murder of a representative of a foreign state or international organization with the intention to provoke international tension or war; international terrorism; genocide; crimes against the security of humanity; murder with aggravating circumstances; terrorism; terrorist acts; treason that results in loss of life; conspiracy to seize power; sabotage; murder of a police officer; use of weapons of mass destruction; and violations of the laws and customs of war[153] (see Capital punishment in Belarus)
	Belgium	No	1950	1996 (by Constitution)
	Bosnia-Herzegovina	No	Never	1995 (by Constitution
	Bulgaria	No	1989	1998
	Croatia	No	1973[154]	1990 (by Constitution)
	Cyprus	No	1962	2002
	Capital punishment for murder abolished in 1983.
	Czech Republic	No	1989	1990 (by Constitution)
	For more info see Capital punishment in the Czech Republic.
	Denmark	No	1950	1978
	Estonia	No	1991	1998
	Finland	No	1944	1972 (by Constitution)
	France	No	1977	1981
	Georgia	No	1995[155]	1997
	Germany	No	none by authorities of the FRG	1949 (FRG)/1987 (GDR)
	Last execution in West Germany: 1956 (by US Military Authorities), last execution in East Germany: 1981 (by GDR authorities). Prohibited by the Basic Law since 1949.
	Greece	No	1972	2004
	Hungary	No	1988	1990
	Iceland	No	1830	1995
	Abolished in 1928 reintroduction made unconstitutional in 1995 by unanimous vote of parliament
	Republic of Ireland	No	1954	1990
	21st Amendment to the Constitution (2001) made reintroduction unconstitutional without a further constitutional amendment (and referendum). Until recently it was still technically lawful to kill the murderer of a Garda Siochana, however in practise this never occurred, likely due to widespread moral objection.
	Italy	No	1947	1994
	Abolished, except in time of war, in 1948 (by the Constitution).
	Latvia	Only for exceptional crimes	1996[156]	1999 (for other crimes)
	murder with aggravating circumstances if committed during wartime[157]
	Liechtenstein	No	1785	1987
	Lithuania	No	1995	1998
	Luxembourg	No	1949	1979 (by Constitution)
	Republic of Macedonia	No	1988[158]	1991 (by Constitution)
	Malta	No	1943	2000
	Capital punishment for murder abolished in 1971; continued to be part of the country's military code until 2000.
	Moldova	No	1985[159]	1995
	On September 23, 2005 the Moldovan Constitutional Court approved constitutional amendments that explicitly abolished the death penalty[160].
	Monaco	No	1847	1962 (by Constitution)
	Montenegro	No	?
	See Serbia
	Netherlands	No	1952	1982 (by Constitution)
	Norway	No	1948	1979
	Poland	No	1988	1997
	A criminal law reform including reintroducion of death penalty was proposed in 2004 by Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, but lost in the first reading in the Sejm (vote of 198 against to 194 for with 14 abstentions).[161]
	Portugal	No	1849	1976 (by Constitution)
	Abolished in 1867, except in time of war.
	Romania	No	1989	1990[162] (by Constitution)
	Russian Federation	Yes; not used in practice	1999
	murder with aggravating circumstances; assassination attempt against a state or public figure; attempt on the life of a person administering justice or preliminary investigations; attempt on the life of a law-enforcement officer; genocide[163]. On 16 April 1997 Russia signed the Sixth Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights, but the has yet to ratify it. There has been a moratorium on executions since 1996; No executions in Russian Federation August 1996, though one took place in 1999 in Chechen Republic
	San Marino	No	1468	1865
	Serbia	No	1992	1995
	Abolished in 1995 on Federal level, local legislation adjusted in 2002[164]
	Slovakia	No	1989	1990 (by Constitution)
	Slovenia	No	1957	1989 (by Constitution)
	South Ossetia	Yes; not used in practice	Never
	Premeditated murder with aggravating circumstances; assassination attempt against a state or public figure; assassination attempt against a person administering justice or conducting a preliminary investigation; assassination attempt against a law enforcement officer; genocide. De facto moratorium since 1996
	Spain	No	27 September 1975	1995
	Abolished in 1978 by constitution except for military laws during war times.
	Sweden	No	23 November 1910	1972 (by Constitution)
	Peacetime offences 1921
	Switzerland	No	1944	1992
	Abolished in 1942 except for wartime military crimes. Constitutionally prohibited since 1999.
	Transnistria	Yes; not used in practice	never
	murder; attempt to murder a state or public official; armed rebellion; attempt to murder a magistrate or investigator; attempt to murder a law enforcement agent; genocide[165]. Moratorium since January 1, 1999
	Turkey	No	25 October 1984	2004 (by Constitution)
	Abolished July 21, 2004
	Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	Yes; not used in practice	Never
	Treason during wartime, acts of terrorism and piracy jure gentium, and for repeated murders[166]
	Ukraine	No	March 1997[167]	2000
	Abolished February 2000 after Ukraine Constitutional Court ruled the death penalty was unconstitutional in December 1999. New criminal code passed in April 2001[168].
	United Kingdom	No	13 August 1964	1998
	Completely abolished 2003 in line with Human Rights Act (1998); For more information see Capital punishment in the United Kingdom
	Vatican City	No	July 9, 1870 (Papal States[169])	1969

[edit] North America and Caribbean

Executions in 2004: United States (59)

	Country	Death Penalty?	Last Execution	Abolished in
	Antigua and Barbuda	Yes	February 2, 1991[170]
	Murder
	Bahamas	Yes	January 6, 2000
	Treason; Piracy; Murder[171]
	Barbados	Yes	10 October 1984[172]
	Murder; Treason[173]
	Belize	Yes; not used in practice	June 1985[174]
	murder, except where extenuating circumstances can be proved[175]
	Bermuda	No	1977	2000
	Canada	No	11 December 1962	1976
	For more information see Capital punishment in Canada
	Costa Rica	No	1859[176]	1877 (by Constitution)
	Cuba	Yes	2003
	Hijacking[177]; crimes against state security; murder[178]
	Dominica	Yes
	Dominican Republic	No		1966 (by Constitution)
	El Salvador	Only for exceptional crimes	1973	1983 (for other crimes)
	The death penalty may be imposed only in cases provided by military laws during a state of international war[179]
	Grenada	Yes; not used in practice	1978
	Guatemala	Yes	1998 or later[180]
	Haiti	No	1972	1987 (by Constitution)
	Honduras	No	1940	1956(by Constitution)
	Jamaica	Yes	2003[181]
	Murder[182]
	Mexico	No	1937	2005
	Nicaragua	No	1930	1979 (by Constitution)
	Panama	No	1903	1903 (by Constitution)
	Saint Kitts and Nevis	Yes	July 20, 1998
	Murder[183]
	Saint Lucia	Yes	17 October 1995
	Murder; Treason[184]
	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Yes	February 13, 1995
	Murder; Treason[185]
	Trinidad and Tobago	Yes	July 28, 1999[186]
	Murder; Treason[187]
	Turks and Caicos Islands	No		2002[188]
	United States	Yes	October 24, 2006[189]	1846 (in Michigan)
	Although legally a punishment of several crimes, it has not been applied for any crime other than murder or conspiracy to murder since 1964. It is now only used in cases of murder accompanied by previously identified special circumstances (e.g., murder and rape, murder and kidnapping, etc.) Some states also provide it for some cases of sexual assault especially sex crimes against children (i.e statutory rape, sexual assault against a minor). Federal law provides the death penalty for trafficking large quantities of drugs[190]. The sentence must be handed down by a jury, not by a judge alone; the jury must hand down the sentence at the conclusion of a separate penalty phase of the trial (at least implying the jurors who sentence the person to death were the same jurors who convicted him or her of the crime). For more information see Capital punishment in the United States.

[edit] Oceania

Executions in 2004: none

	Country	Death Penalty?	Last Execution	Abolished in
	Australia	No	February 3, 1967[191]	1922 - 1985
	Queensland: 1922, Tasmania: 1968, the Commonwealth: 1973, Northern Territory: 1973, Victoria: 1975, South Australia: 1976, ACT: 1983, Western Australia: 1984, and New South Wales: 1985.
	Cook Islands	Only for exceptional crimes	none since self-government
	Treason[192]
	Fiji	Only for exceptional crimes	1964	1979 (for other crimes)
	Only for crimes under the Republic of Fiji Military Forces Act
	Kiribati	No	none since independence	1979
	Marshall Islands	No	none since independence	1986 (by Constitution)
	Micronesia	No	none since independence	1986 (by Constitution)
	Nauru	Yes; not used in practice	none since independence
	Treason; Piracy; Murder[193]
	New Zealand	No	17 February 1957	1989
	For more information see Capital punishment in New Zealand
	Niue	No
	Palau	No	none since independence	probably 1994
	Papua New Guinea	Yes; not used in practice	1950
	Treason; Piracy; Attempted piracy; wilful murder[194]
	Samoa	No	1950s	21 January 2004[195]
	Solomon Islands	No	none since independence	1978[196]
	Tonga	Yes; not used in practice	1982
	Treason; Murder[197]
	Tuvalu	No	none since independence	1978
	Vanuatu	No	none since independence	1980

[edit] South America

Executions in 2004: none

	Country	Death Penalty?	Last Execution	Abolished in
	Argentina	Only for exceptional crimes	1916[198]	1984 (for other crimes)
	Constitution states "The penalty of death for political offences, all kinds of torture, and flogging, are forever abolished."
	Bolivia	Only for exceptional crimes	1974	1997 (for other crimes)
	Brazil	Only for exceptional crimes	1855	1979 (for other crimes)
	"serious crime of a military nature committed during wartime"[199]
	Chile	Only for exceptional crimes	1985	2001 (for other crimes)
	Although it has been completely abolished from civil justice, it may still be applied for military justice and Only for exceptional crimes. In practice, this doesn't occur. Last execution took place in 1982.
	Colombia	No	1909	1910 (by Constitution)
	Prohibited by the Colombian Constitution of 1991: "The right to life is inviolable. There will be no death penalty."
	Ecuador	No		1906 (by Constitution)
	Guyana	Yes
	terrorist acts[200]
	Paraguay	No	1928	1992 (by Constitution)
	Peru	Only for exceptional crimes	1979	1979 (for other crimes)
	Treason in time of war; Terrorism[201]
	Suriname	Yes; not used in practice	1982
	aggravated murder; premeditated murder; treason[202]
	Uruguay	No	1905[203]	1907 (by Constitution)
	Venezuela	No		1863 (by Constitution)

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• Amnesty International
• The Death Penalty Worldwide
• Countries retaining death penalty fail to give details of executions - United Nations, July 14, 2005

[edit] External links

• Asia Death Penalty blog focuses on the use of the death penalty in the Asian region