United States House election, 1894
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The U.S. House election, 1894 was a realigning election--a major Republican landslide that marked the transition from the Third Party System to the Fourth Party System and set the stage for the decisive Election of 1896. The elections of members of the United States House of Representatives in 1894 came in the middle of President Grover Cleveland's second term. The nation was in its deepest economic depression ever following the Panic of 1893, so economic issues were at the forefront. In the spring a major coal strike damaged the economy of the Midwest. It was accompanied by violence; the miners lost and many moved toward the Populist party. No sooner was the coal strike over than Eugene Debs led a nationwide railroad strike, called the Pullman Strike. It shut down the nation's transportation system west of Detroit for weeks, until President Cleveland's use of federal troops ended the strike. Debs went to prison (for disobeying a court order). Illinois John Peter Altgeld, a Democrat, broke bitterly with Cleveland.
The Democratic Party was crushed everywhere outside the South, losing more than half its seats to the Republican Party.
The main issues were the severe economic depression, which the Republicans blamed on the Bourbon Democrats led by Cleveland. Cleveland supporters lost heavily, weakening their hold on the party and setting the stage for a silverite takeover in 1896. The Populist party ran candidates in the South and Midwest, but generally lost ground. The Democrats tried to raise a religious issue, claiming the GOP was in cahoots with the American Protective Association. The allegations seem to have fallen flat as Catholics moved toward the GOP. [Jensen (1971) ch 9]. Democrat William Jennings Bryan lost the Senate race in Nebraska, but came back to win the 1896 presidential nomination.
Contents |
[edit] Overall results
| Party | Total Seats (change) | Seat percentage | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 93 | -125 | 26.0% |
| Independents | 0 | -2 | 0.0% |
| Other | 1 | +0 | 0.2% |
| Populist Party | 9 | -2 | 2.5% |
| Republican Party | 254 | +130 | 71.1% |
| Totals | 357 | +1 | 100.0% |
| ██ 80.1-100% Republican | ██ 80.1-100% Democratic |
| ██ 60.1-80% Republican | ██ 60.1-80% Democratic |
| ██ | ██ |
| ██ | |
| House seats by party holding plurality in state | |
| ██ 6+ Republican gain | ██ 6+ Democratic gain |
| ██ 3-5 Republican gain | ██ 3-5 Democratic gain |
| ██ 1-2 Republican gain | ██ 1-2 Democratic gain |
| ██ no net change | ██ 1-2 Populist gain |
[edit] See also
- 54th United States Congress
- U.S. Senate election, 1894
| Preceded by 1892 |
U.S. House elections | Succeeded by 1896 |
| United States House of Representatives Elections |
|---|
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[edit] References
[edit] Primary sources
[edit] Scholarly studies
- Jensen, Richard. The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888-1896 (1971)
