United States Coast Guard Yard

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style.

Remove this template after wikifying. This article has been tagged since November 2006.

The United States Coast Guard Yard or just Coast Guard Yard is a United States Coast Guard operated shipyard located on Curtis Bay in south Baltimore, Maryland. It is the Coast Guard's sole shipbuilding and major repair facility, and part of the Coast Guard's core industrial base and fleet support operations. It annually operates on a $60 million internal revenue.^[1]

1 History
2 References
3 External links

[edit] History

For over a century, the United States Coast Guard Yard has built, repaired and renovated ships in Baltimore, Maryland, for the U. S. Coast Guard. It is the Service's sole shipbuilding and major repair facility, and an essential part of the Coast Guard's core industrial base and fleet support operation.

The Centennial history of the Coast Guard Yard heralds scores of success stories and recognizes the shipyard's vital contributions to the United States Coast Guard during the past 100 years.

The Coast Guard Yard celebrated its Centennial in 1999 and recognized the shipyard's outstanding "Service to the Fleet" since being founded on the shores of south Baltimore in April, 1899. To herald this historical accomplishment within the Coast Guard community and to celebrate in the company of other corporate centenarians, the Yard's Centennial focused customer attention on the shipyard's commitment to maritime excellence, honored the Yard's past and present work force and sought public recognition of the accomplishment and goals of the Coast Guard's only shipyard.^[2]

[edit] 1899-1909

In April, 1899, the Revenue Cutter Service (RCS) signed a lease with a prominent Baltimore physician and attorney for 36 acres of farmland surrounding Arundel Cove. Two months later, LT John C. Moore, USRCS, arrived aboard the side-wheeler COLFAX to begin establishment of his experimental shipyard. LT Moore's original plant set-up of four small buildings included a mill for sawing and shaping lumber. The following year saw the arrival of the CHASE, a training ship for the RCS. The crew set up permanent quarters at the Arundel Cove "Depot," marking the beginning of the Coast Guard Academy. In 1905, Congress authorized the purchase of the Depot's land, added additional acreage, and the "Revenue Cutter Station at Curtis Bay, was permanently established. Throughout its first decade, the "Depot" repaired many lifesaving boats, constructed a variety of small boats, conducted overhauls and painted RCS cutters.^[2]

[edit] 1909-1919

The Depot's facilities were consistently improved upon during the decade of the teens. New construction included a boiler and pump house, a foundry, boat, sheetmetal, electrical, paint, upholstery and blacksmith shops, new mess halls, barracks, garages, recreation building and storage structures. In 1915 when the Revenue Cutter Service and Lifesaving Service combined to form the U. S. Coast Guard, the Depot was selected as the site to train surfmen in the care and operation of new gasoline engines destined to replace the traditional oars and sails of the Lifesaving Service. The engine school was housed in a shed along the west Depot boundary. When World War I broke out in 1917, the Coast Guard became part of the United States Navy and several Navy units were sent to the Depot for repairs and conversion. Work on these Navy vessels was expedited to the fullest extent.^[2]

[edit] 1919-1929

During the 1920s, production of boats, canvas work and numerous other articles for the needs of the Service were stepped up. Extensive overhauls and repairs were performed on the then-modern vessels YAMACRAW, SENECA, SEMINOLE and many 100', 125' patrol boats and tugs. The 500 personnel of the Depot included civilian employees along with enlisted men. In 1928, there were 245 wage board and 2 classified employees on the civilian payrolls. The military complement was 250. The work load was flexible, increasing considerably in the summer months and decreasing in the winter months. The Depot had gained a nationwide reputation for the fine quality of its work. Its small boats were famed throughout the world, wherever lifesaving stations were located or cutters patrolled the seas. The Depot's production was excellent.^[2]

[edit] 1929-1939

By the 1930s, many of the original buildings and equipment at the Depot had become outdated. Funds were obtained through Congressional appropriations to modernize the plant. A new boat, gas engine and machine shops were constructed and equipped; a 40-ton marine engine railway was installed. With the transfer of the Lighthouse Service of the Department of Commerce to the Coast Guard in 1939, buoy construction became another major Depot function.^[2]

[edit] 1939-1949

With the advent of World World II, the Depot underwent extensive expansion to meet war demands. Improvements included a 3000-ton floating drydock, 2 shipways and a 320' x 60' concrete pier with tower crane. The Depot, now comparable in size and functions to a medium-size Navy shipyard, was officially designated the U. S. Coast Guard Yard. The shipyard's work involved repair of scores of surface vessels including submarines, buoy manufacturing, production of canvas work for the Coast Guard and building over 300 small wooden boats annually. The new work era included the construction of the largest cutters ever built at the Yard - the 255' cutters MENDOTA and PONTCHARTRAIN. The Yard employed 3100 civilian workers during World War II. Beside the assigned military complement, the Coast Guard's war-time Training Station or Boot Camp added to the number of personnel at the Yard. Public attention was afforded the Yard not only for the production and repair of Coast Guard craft, but also for its nationally renowned athletic teams. The name of the game was ice hockey. The Coast Guard "Cutters" emerged as champions of the Eastern Amateur Hockey League in 1943 and captured the U. S. Amateur Title in 1944.^[2]

[edit] 1949-1959

As the Yard reduced its work force to fit the Service's post war needs, vessel overhaul, gun repair work, buoy construction and miscellaneous manufacturing made up much of the Yard's work load. The era of the 50's saw the construction of three hundred 40' steel lifesaving patrol boats, the Coast Guard Lightships SAN FRANCISCO and AMBROSE and small craft like the 36'8" motor lifeboats. In February, 1953, the first of the 95' steel patrol boats was launched at the Yard. In total, fifty-eight 95-footers were built for the Coast Guard and the U. S. Navy throughout the decade of the 50's into the early 1960s. The Yard continued to perfect its reputation for the overhaul of aging Coast Guard and Navy ships. Such cutters were the CHILULA, AVOYEL, DEXTER, and COMMANCHE. In March, 1959, the Coast Guard Cutter AZALEA, a 100' buoy tender, was launched at the Yard.^[2]

[edit] 1959-1969

The Yard continued to prosper during the decade of the 60's. The first of 53 cutters built at the Yard under the 82' patrol boat program was launched in February, 1960. During the Vietnam conflict, 26 of the Yard-built 82-footers served with distinction as "Coast Guard Squadron One." In April, 1962, the prototype of the 44' steel self-righting motor lifeboats (MLB) was launched. During the next 10 years, the Yard built 110 44' MLB's. In May, 1965, the Yard sent its first 210' medium endurance cutter down the shipways, the USCGC Confidence (WMEC-619). The 210' Cutters USCGC Confidence (WMEC-619), USCGC Resolute (WMEC-620), USCGC Durable (WMEC-628), USCGC Decisive (WMEC-629) and USCGC Alert (WMEC-630) were constructed by the skilled hands of the Yard. During the 60's and into the early 70's, the Yard constructed five 157' buoy tenders - the RED WOOD, RED BEECH, RED BIRCH, RED CEDAR and RED OAK. Construction began on the RED CEDAR in July, 1969. On the small boat constructions side of production during the 60's, the Yard built 206 25'8" fiberglass motor surfboats.^[2]

[edit] 1969-1979

The 1970s engaged the Yard in a flurry of activity. The trades continued the manufacturing of the Coast Guard's lighted buoys, a program which began at the Yard during the Second World War. Constructed in an assembly-line mode, lighted reflector buoys - large, steel buoys used for round-the-clock aids-to-navigation - and lighted ice buoys used for heavy ice conditions were manufactured at the Yard. Begun in 1975, the Yard became the sole source for overhaul of the Coast Guard's 5" 38 caliber gun mount. The 5" gun mounts were used on the Service's 378' cutters. In 1971, the Yard completed construction of a prototype 41' utility boat (UTB) which had an aluminum hull and fiberglass superstructure. The Yard-built boat was adopted and from 1973 through the early 1980s, the Yard constructed 207 41' UTB's. The craft is well known to recreational and commercial boaters throughout the United States and is used primarily for search and rescue. The Yard had a proven record for the design of experimental maritime projects. The construction of the prototype Stable Semi-Submerged Platform, or SSP, was the highlight of the 1970s. The SSP KAIMALINO used the SWATH concept - small waterplane area twin hull. The craft operated successfully for many years in the Hawaiian islands. In 1974, the Yard laid the keel for a 160' single unit construction tender, the CGC PAMLICO. Throughout the remaining decade, 3 more 160' construction tenders were built at the Yard: the CGC HUDSON, CGC KENNEBEC and CGC SAGINAW. From the late 70's into the early 80's, the Yard renovated sixteen 95' patrol boats. Built at the Yard in the 1950s, the cutters were in need of modernization or repair.^[2]

[edit] 1979-1989

Entering the 1980s, the Yard constructed a prototype oil skimmer used to clean up oil spills. The Zero Relative Velocity Skimmer, ZRV, represented the best available technology in the Coast Guard's field of fast current pollution control research. The first of the new 270' medium endurance cutters, the CGC BEAR, arrived at the Yard in 1983 to begin post construction and electronics work, under the program title, 270' Retrofit. The Yard accomplished a retrofit on 12 additional 270' cutters throughout the 80's. Beginning in 1984, the Yard began the Service Life Extension Program (SLEP) for nine 180' buoy tenders in the Coast Guard fleet. From the mid-80's through the early 90's, the Cutters SORREL, GENTIAN, COWSLIP, CONIFER, MADRONA, LAUREL, PAPAW, SWEETGUM and BUTTONWOOD received a mid-life overhaul and given an anticipated 20 additional years of service life as a result of the Yard's renovation. In 1984, the Yard recommissioned the first 210' medium endurance cutter under the Coast Guard's Major Maintenance Availability Program (MMA). The Cutters USCGC Active (WMEC-618), USCGC Confidence (WMEC-619) and USCGC Reliance (WMEC-615) received their upgrades during the 80's decade. Eleven more vessels would undergo renovation throughout the 1990s before the program came to a close. The Yard's overhaul gave each MMA cutter an anticipated additional 15 years of service life. In 1985, the Yard completed a major renovation of a ferryboat for Coast Guard use at Governor's Island, New York. The KULSHAN, a 30-year old vessel bought by the Coast Guard from the State of Washington's ferry system, was renamed the GOVERNOR following renovation at the Yard. As the decade of the 80's came to a close, the Cost Guard tasked the Yard with construction of 6 river barges for Coast Guard use on the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. The project was transferred to the Yard when the awarded private contractor filed for bankruptcy prior to contract completion.^[2]

[edit] 1989-1999

USCGC Eagle repaired at the Coast Guard Shipyard.

After completing an extensive, four-year repair project on the Coast Guard Cutter Barque Eagle in the 1980s, the majestic cutter returned to the Yard in 1995 and 1998 for repair availabilities. The Yard is building an anticipated 26 small aids-to-navigation workboats, the 49' BUSLs, through the year 2000. The first BUSL was launched in August, 1997. The Yard completed the 210' Major Maintenance Availability Program in October, 1998, with the recommissioning of the Cutter Decisive. Fourteen of the Coast Guard's 210' cutters underwent, respectively, an 18-month, $21 million renovation at the Yard since the program began in 1984. With the dedication of the new $18 million shiplift in November, 1997, the Yard increased its capability to accommodate repairs of Coast Guard vessels. The land-based shiphandling facility replaced the Yard's nearly 60-year old drydocks. It is environmentally friendly and offers lower maintenance cost. The Yard is the sole source for major repair of naval weapons systems used by the Coast Guard fleet. Topping the list is the repair of the MK 75 76mm guns and includes a contract with the Naval Sea Systems Command for the overhaul of the Saudi Arabian MK 75 weapons systems. The Yard expanded its market base in the mid 1990s to include the overhaul of the Paxman engine, the main propulsion engine in the 110' patrol boat. The work is considered a primary example of core work for the shipyard. The Yard has excelled in its capability to bring its expertise to the customer rather than the customer coming into the Yard for service. The Yard has built a celebrated reputation for taking its skills "on-the-road" to the Coast Guard fleet world-wide. The Yard became the first organization in the United States government to achieve ISO 9001 certification in 1995 and ISO 9001 recertification in 1998. ISO 9001 is a set of internationally recognized standards for quality management systems.^[2]