United States Barber coinage
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Liberty Head ("Barber") designs appeared on United States minor silver coinage (the dime, quarter, and half dollar) from 1892 to 1916. They derive their common name from their designer, Chief Engraver Charles E. Barber.
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[edit] Origins
In 1887, Mint Director James P. Kimball included a statement in his annual report to Congress requesting a coinage redesign. He proposed a process whereby distinguished artists would be invited to participate in the design process, and, in 1890, the United States Department of the Treasury asked ten eminent American artists to submit design proposals for minor silver coinage. However, this plan proved unworkable when the artists made financial demands that the Treasury was unwilling to meet. The next effort was a contest open to the public, but none of the designs submitted in this manner were satisfactory to the Mint. Ultimately, it fell to Charles Barber to create new designs for silver coinage. He did so, and the designs were first placed into production in 1892.
[edit] Basic Design
[edit] Obverse
The basic obverse design of the Barber silver coinage consisted of a Liberty head with a cap and wreath. [1] This figure was inspired both by classical Greek and Roman models and by the designs of various 19th-century French coinage. The word "LIBERTY" appeared on the headband in incuse; since it wears relatively quickly in circulation, it is often used by numismatists to help determine the condition of circulated coins. The Liberty head is flanked by six stars on the left and seven on the right, and the motto "IN GOD WE TRUST" appears above it. The date is centered below the figure.
[edit] Reverse
There were two basic reverse designs on Barber coinage. The dime featured a wreath of American agricultural products with the words "ONE DIME" in the center. The mint mark, if any, was positioned below the wreath. This reverse design differed little from that of the old Seated Liberty dime.
On the quarter and half dollar, a heraldic eagle, similar to that featured on the Great Seal of the United States, is the central design element, with "QUARTER DOLLAR" or "HALF DOLLAR" and the mint mark (if any) located beneath it. As on the Great Seal, the eagle carries a banner in its beak reading "E PLURIBUS UNUM", and the amount of the motto visible is helpful to numismatic graders in determining the condition of circulated specimens. A field of 13 stars (the same number as on the obverse, representing the 13 original American colonies) appears above the eagle, and on the top edge, "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" is inscribed.
[edit] References
- ^ Taylor, Dr. Sol. "Barber's Silver Coinage: Fun Series to Collect", The Santa Clarita Valley Signal, 2005-08-20. Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
- The Barber Silver Coins: Plain but Fancied by Many Collectors. Jefferson Coin & Bullion, Inc.. Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
[edit] External links
- US Barber Coinage by year and type. Histories, photos, edge designs, designers, and more.
- Barber Coin Pictures Dimes, Quarters and Halves
| Preceded by: Seated Liberty coinage |
United States coinage (1892-1916) | Succeeded by: Winged Liberty Head dime Standing Liberty Quarter Walking Liberty half dollar |
