United States Army Reserve

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The United States Army Reserve is the federal reserve force of the United States Army. Together, the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard constitute the reserve components of the U.S. Army. It was formed in 1908 to provide a reserve of medical officers. Reserve soldiers perform only part-time duties as opposed to full-time ("active duty") soldiers, but may be called upon to do full-time duty.

Army Reserve soldiers may be soldiers who left the active Army after a period of service, or they may have enlisted directly into the Reserve. Reserve soldiers generally perform training or service one weekend per month (inactive duty for training or Battle Assembly) and for two continuous weeks at some time during the year (annual training). Many reserve soldiers are organized into Army Reserve units, while others serve to augment active Army units.

The Army Reserve is composed of 204,134 soldiers as of 2004.

1 Contributions to the Active Army
2 Current Formations and Units
3 Other components
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

[edit] Contributions to the Active Army

In the early 1980s Army Reserve soldiers constituted the following numbers in US Army units:

100% of training divisions, brigades, and railway units
97% of civil affairs units
89% of psychological operations units
85% of smoke generator companies
78% of Petrol/Oil/Lubricant (POL) supply companies
62% of Army hospitals
61% of terminal companies
59% of the supply and service capability of the Army
51% of ammunition companies
43% of airborne pathfinder units
43% of watercraft companies
42% of chemical decontamination units
38% of combat support aviation companies
26% of combat engineer battalions
25% of Special Forces Groups
smaller percentages of other units and formations such as combat brigades and tank battalions

However in the post-Cold War draw-down all combat units except the 100th Battalion, 442nd Infantry Regiment were disbanded, which meant the disestablishment of the three remaining Army Reserve fighting brigades (the 157th Infantry Brigade (Mech) (Sep) of Pennsylvania, the 187th Infantry Brigade (Sep) of Massachusetts, and the 205th Infantry Brigade (Sep) (Light) of Minnesota). Many of the Army Reserve training divisions were realigned as institutional training divisions.

[edit] Current Formations and Units

U.S. 75th Division (Training Support) (USAR) at Houston, Texas
U.S. 77th Division (Reinforcement Training Unit) (USAR) "Statue of Liberty Division" at Fort Totten, New York
U.S. 78th Division (Training Support) (USAR) "Lightning Division" at Fort Dix, New Jersey
U.S. 80th Division (Training Support) (USAR) "Blue Ridge Division" at Richmond, Virginia
U.S. 84th Division (Training Support) (USAR) "Lincoln County Division" at Milwaukee, Wisconsin
U.S. 85th Division (Training Support) (USAR) "Custer Division" at Arlington Heights, Illinois
U.S. 87th Division (Training Support) (USAR) "Acorn Division" at Birmingham, Alabama
U.S. 91st Division (Training Support) (USAR) "Wild West Division" at Fort Hunter Liggett, California
U.S. 95th Division (Institutional Training) (USAR) "Victory Division" at Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
U.S. 98th Division (Institutional Training) (USAR) "Iroquois Division" at Rochester, New York
U.S. 100th Division (Institutional Training) (USAR) "Century Division" at Fort Knox, Kentucky
U.S. 104th Division (Institutional Training) (USAR) "Timberwolf Division" at Fort Lewis, Washington
U.S. 108th Division (Institutional Training) (USAR) "Golden Griffins" at Charlotte, North Carolina
100th Battalion, 442nd Infantry
Aviation units
other formations, units, and establishments

[edit] Other components

See the Army of the United States for the conscription (US term:draft) force of the United States Army that may be raised at the discretion of the United States Congress in the event of the United States entering into a major armed conflict.