Union Station (Phoenix)
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Union Station is located at 401 South 4th Avenue in downtown Phoenix, Arizona.
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[edit] Architecture
Phoenix Union Station was constructed in 1923 by the Santa Fe and the Arizona Eastern (Southern Pacific) Railroads. The Station is one of the best examples of Mission Revival architecture in Phoenix. The Mission Revival style, a popular building style between 1890 and the 1920s, was typified by such Union Station features as stucco wall finishes, arcades, red tiled roofs, curvilinear gables, massive piers, and impost moldings.
According to the "Phoenix Historic Building Survey" by the Phoenix City Council, September 1979:
- Historic Name
- Union Station of the Southern Pacific and Santa Fe Railroads
- Description
- A large Mission Revival railroad station with a central two-story waiting room structure between long, low arcaded wings. Red-tiled, gabled roofs are terminated by high parapet walls that are shaped with the familiar curves of the Mission Revival at the ends of the wings and in entrance pavilions at both the railroad and street sides of the central pavilion. In keeping with the character of the Mission Revival there are few other decorative details.
- The waiting room is a high, beamed space with original wooden furnishings and particularly fine ceiling light fixtures. There have been some alterations in the waiting room, and the arcaded wings which were originally open as passenger waiting areas have been enclosed. A microwave transmitting tower next to the central pavilion is out of harmony with the structure...
- Significance
- Union Station was a joint venture between the Southern Pacific and Santa Fe Railroad Companies and was designed by their architect, Peter Kiewit. Dedicated on September 30, 1923, the building was proclaimed a "Monument to the progressiveness and prosperity of the valley and a testimony of the confidence in the future of the Salt River Valley and Phoenix."
- A milestone in Phoenix's development, Union Station ushered in tourism on a grand scale and promoted greater national visibility.
[edit] History
(Rob Bohannan presented this history was presented at ARPA's dedication of the clock and plaque donated by ARPA members, January 11, 1992. Used with permission.)
Phoenix Union Station was commissioned on September 16, 1922, by the Arizona Eastern Railroad Company, a Southern Pacific affiliate, and by the California, Arizona and Santa Fe Railroad, then part of the Santa Fe Railway system and was built by the Robert E. McKee Construction Company. Construction of this union station was the result of an order by the Arizona Corporation Commission to the railroads to consolidate their separate station facilities located several blocks apart in downtown Phoenix.
The main station building is 475 feet long and 74 feet wide. The adjoining Post Office building is 78 feet long and 62 feet wide. The mission revival style building is constructed of structural steel and reinforced concrete and was completed at a cost of $556,000.
Three years after the station was completed, the new Southern Pacific main line through Phoenix was opened with the arrival of the eastbound Californian on November 15, 1926. After the track was fully seasoned, the Golden State and Sunset Limited served the station beginning March 20 of the following year. Prior to this, the only access to SP's transcontinental trains was via connecting trains on the old Maricopa and Phoenix Railroad at Maricopa.
When rail travel was at its peak during and immediately after World War Two, Phoenix Union Station was served by as many as eighteen trains a day. A pair of Santa Fe trains arrived and departed for Parker, Barstow, and Los Angeles. And Santa Fe's fondly remembered Hassayampa Flyer connected Phoenix with Williams Junction and Santa Fe's great transcontinental trains to and from the east.
Southern Pacific operated the Sunset Limited between Los Angeles and New Orleans, the service which continues under Amtrak today (NOTE: rerouted away from Phoenix in 1996). The Sunset Limited had through cars to Dallas and St. Louis by way of the Texas and Pacific connection at El Paso. In conjunction with the Rock Island, Southern Pacific operated the Golden State Limited, together with several lesser trains on the Los Angeles - Phoenix - Chicago route. From December 1940 to April 1941, and from December 1941 to April 1942, Rock Island and Southern Pacific operated the deluxe Arizona Limited between Phoenix and Chicago. In April of 1964, the Sunset Limited and the Golden State were combined between Los Angeles and El Paso. The Golden State made its last run in February, 1968. The Hassayampa was discontinued in April of the following year.
Until superseded by Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport sometime in the fifties, Phoenix Union Station was the undisputed gateway to the city. This station has served millions of arriving and departing passengers during the fifty-nine years since it was completed. This station has also played host to many special occasions and celebrations. The two having the largest recorded attendance are the Main Line celebration on Friday, October 15, 1926, and the second day of Phoenix Union Station Days, Sunday, February 24, 1991. On both days over ten thousand persons gathered to celebrate the importance of this great building and the invaluable service it has provided.
In 1995, the last year Amtrak stopped at Union Station, 21,495 passengers boarded or alighted here.
[edit] Historic designations
- National Register of Historic Places #NPS–85003056
- Phoenix City Register
[edit] Current services
No trains currently call at Union Station.
Amtrak operates the Sunset Limited three times a week from the town of Maricopa, which is in Pinal County thirty miles south of downtown Phoenix. A private company operates a taxi service to the Phoenix metro area; there is no bus service to Maricopa. The Southwest Chief operates daily from Flagstaff and Amtrak provides a Thruway bus from Sky Harbor Airport.
Since Amtrak left in 1996, the Olympic Torch train has stopped here twice, and tourist trains like the American Orient Express have occasionally used Union Station.
[edit] Additional Resources
- The Union Station: Phoenix' Portal to the Nation; City of Phoenix Historical Preservation Commission, Don W. Ryden AIA Architects Inc. January 1990
- A Historic Building Analysis of Phoenix Union Station; Ryden Architects, ca. 1984. 725.31028 H629, Phoenix Central Library, Arizona Collection. Includes photographs of the rarely seen second floor offices, former baggage/express areas, and attic spaces.
- Phoenix Historical Building Survey, Phoenix City Council, September 1979; 917.9174 C38p, Phoenix Central Library, Arizona Collection.
- Railroads of Arizona, vol. II -- Phoenix and the Central Roads by David F. Myrick, Howell-North Books, San Diego, California, 1980. 385.09791 (Library of Congress: HE2771.A6M94; ISBN 0-8310-7111-7 (v.I))
