U.S. Air Force Security Service
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The United States Air Force Security Service (often abbreviated USAFSS) was essentially the United States Air Force's intelligence branch; its motto was Freedom through Vigilance. It was created in October of 1948 and operated until 1979, when the branch was redesignated the Electronic Security Command (now the Air Intelligence Agency).
Composed primarily of airmen culled from the cream of the Air Force's enlisted recruits, the USAFSS was a secretive and tight-knit branch of Air Force cold warriors tasked with monitoring and interpreting military voice and electronic signals of countries of interest (which often were Eastern bloc countries). USAFSS intelligence was often analyzed in the field, and the results transmitted to the National Security Agency for further analysis and distribution to other intelligence recipients.
Individual airmen — stationed at locations scattered across the globe, ranging from Alaska to Pacific Islands to The Far East to Mediterranean Countries to The Middle East to Western Europe to North Africa — did a variety of jobs, almost all of them related to listening to and interpreting Eastern Bloc, Communist Chinese, and North Vietnamese military communications. Some airmen were linguists who listened to voice communications. Others monitored Soviet and other nations' military Morse code broadcasts. Some were engaged in monitoring other types of radio signals such as facsimile transmissions. The information collected in the field was usually sent to a co-located group of USAFSS analysts who would interpret the data, format reports, and send them on to the National Security Agency or other recipients.
These jobs, which required top secret clearance, were extremely high pressure and were considered essential to U.S. cold war efforts. Members of the USAFSS were not allowed to discuss their jobs with outsiders — in fact, USAFSS members could not talk amongst themselves about their jobs unless they were in a secure location. Because of their value as targets (in Cold War Berlin, the capture of a USAFSS member was worth several thousand dollars), while stationed overseas their off-base travel was severely restricted. Many adopted "cover jobs" to more easily conceal their real work.
The USAFSS had two major areas of operations: ground based and airborne. Ground based units were scattered across the globe, and collected information from fixed sites with large antenna arrays and from mobile units equipped with electronic gear and antennas that skirted sensitive areas collecting data. Airborne units were associated with the strategic reconnaissance units of Strategic Air Command, and flew aboard SAC reconnaissance flights to collect data from shorter range communication systems and other types of signals. A primary job of USAFSS airborne linguists aboard SAC reconnaissance aircraft was to provide self-protection early warning of impending fighter or missile response by a target nation's air defense system.
The activities of the USAFSS have only recently been declassified.
Country music icon Johnny Cash was a USAFSS member while stationed in Germany in the early 1950s.
