U.S. 34th Infantry Division

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U.S. 34th Infantry Division
Image:34id.gif
Active August 1917 - Present
Country USA
Branch Army National Guard
Type Division
Role Infantry
Size apx 15,000 soldiers
Nickname "Red Bull"
Motto Attack, Attack, Attack!
Battles/wars Tunisia, Naples-Foggia, Rome-Arno, North Apennines, Po Valley, Iraqi Freedom

The 34th Infantry Division is a division of the United States Army National Guard that participated in World War I, World War II and continues to serve today, with most of the Division part of the Minesota and Iowa Army National Guard. It holds the distinctions of being the first US Division deployed to Europe in World War II, and having spent more days in combat and having taken more enemy-defended hills than any other US Army Division in that war.

The US Army Rangers also trace their lineage back to the 34th Division. The modern incarnation of the Rangers were developed from 34th Infantry volunteers in Ireland under the command of Major William O. Darby. Of the original five hundred twenty WWII Rangers, two hundred eighty one came from the 34th Infantry Division.

The Division's 1st brigade is currently on service in southern Iraq as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Due to the combat subdued version of the division patch they wear, they are nicknamed the "Desert Bulls".

Contents

[edit] World War I

  • Composition: National Guard Division from North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, Minnesota.
  • Overseas: Most of the division personnel was sent to other organizations.
  • Commanders:
    • Maj. Gen. A. P. Blacksom (25 August 1917)
    • Brig. Gen. F. G. Mauldin (18 September 1917)
    • Maj. Gen. A. P. Blacksom (10 December 1917)
    • Brig. Gen. F. G. Mauldin (8 May 1918)
    • Brig.. Gen. John A. Johnston (26 October 1918).
  • Returned to U. S. and inactivated: December 1918.

[edit] World War II

  • Commanders:
    • Maj. Gen. Ellard A. Walsh (February-August 1941)
    • Maj. Gen. Russell P. Hartle (August 1941-May 1942)
    • Maj. Gen. Charles W. Ryder (May 1942-July 1944)
    • Maj. Gen. Charles L. Bolte (July 1944 to inactivation)..
  • Returned to U. S.: 3 November 1945.
  • Inactivated: 3 November 1945.

[edit] Combat chronicle

The first contingent embarked at Brooklyn on 14 January 1942 and sailed from New York the next day. The initial group of 4,508 stepped ashore at 12:15 hrs on 26 January 1942 at Dufferin Quay, Belfast commanded by Major-General Russell P. Hartle. They were met by a delegation including the Governor General (Duke of Abercorn), the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland (John Miller Andrews), the Commander of British Troops in Ulster (General G. E. W. Franklyn), and the Secretary of State for Air (Sir Archibald Sinclair).

After continuing its training in Northern Ireland, the 34th Infantry Division saw its first combat in the North African invasion, 8 November 1942, landing at Algiers and seizing the port and outlying airfields. Elements of the Division took part in numerous subsequent engagements in Tunisia during the Allied build-up, notably at Sened Station, Paid Pass, Sbeitla, and Fondouk Gap. In April 1943 the Division assaulted Hill 609, capturing it on 1 May 1943, and then drove through Chouigui Pass to Tebourba and Ferryville.

The Division then trained for the Salerno landing. The 151st FA Bn. went in on D-day, 9 September 1943, at Salerno, while the rest of the Division followed on 25 September. Contacting the enemy at the Calore River, 28 September 1943, the 34th drove north to take Benevento, crossed the winding Volturno three times in October and November, assaulted Mount Patano and took one of its four peaks before being relieved, 9 December 1943. In January 1944, the Division drove into the Gustav Line, took Mount Trocchio after a bitter fight, pushed across the Rapido River into the hills behind and attacked Monastery Hill which dominated the town of Cassino. While they nearly captured the objective, in the end their attacks on the monastery and the town failed. The performance of 34 Division in the mountains is considered to rank as one of the finest feats of arms carried out by any soldiers during the war. In return they sustained losses of about 80% in the Infantry battalions. They were relieved from their positions 11-13 February 1944. Eventually, it took the combined force of five allied infantry divisions to finish what the 34th nearly accomplished on its own.

After rest and rehabilitation, it landed in the Anzio beachhead, 25 March 1944, maintaining defensive positions until the offensive of 23 May, when it broke out of the beachhead, took Cisterna, and raced to Civitavecchia and Rome. After a short rest, the Division drove across the Cecina River to liberate Livorno, 19 July 1944, and continued on to take Mount Belmonte in October. Digging in south of Bologna for the winter, the 34th jumped off, 15 April 1945, and captured Bologna on 21 April. Pursuit of the routed enemy was halted, 2 May, with the German surrender in Italy.

The Division participated in six major Army campaigns in North Africa and Italy. The Division is credited with amassing 517 days of front line combat, more than any other U.S. division. One or more 34th Division units were engaged in actual combat with the enemy on 611 days. The division was credited with more combat days than any other division in the war. The 34th Division suffered 3,737 killed in action, 14,165 wounded in action, and 3,460 missing in action, for a total of 21,362 battle casualties. Casualties of the division are considered to be the highest of any division in the theater when daily per capita fighting strengths are considered. There is little doubt the division took the most enemy-defended hills of any division in the European Theater. The division's men were awarded 10 Medals of Honor, 98 Distinguished Service Crosses, one Distinguished Service Medal, 1,153 Silver Stars, 116 Legion of Merit medals, one Distinguished Flying Cross, 2,545 Bronze Stars, 54 Soldier Medals, 34 Air Medals, with duplicate awards of 52 oak leaf clusters, and 15,000 purple hearts.

[edit] Post WW2

The 34th Infantry Division was inactivated on 3 November 1945. The Division was reformed within the Iowa and Nebraska Army National Guards in 1946-7, but it disbanded again in 1963, being replaced in part by the 67th Infantry Brigade. It also retained its Division HQ as a Command HQ to supervise training of combat and support units in the former division area for some years. The 47th Infantry Division (which had never seen combat) was active at St Paul, Minn., by 1963, as the National Guard combat division covering the former 34th's area.

The division was reactivated as a National Guard division (renaming the 47th Division) for Minnesota and Iowa on 10 February 1991 upon the fiftieth anniversary of its federal activation for World War II. At that point the Division transitioned into a Medium Division, with a required strength of 18,062 soldiers. The Division's force structure was spread across seven states (Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, North Dakota, Illinois, Colorado, and Michigan).

The Division was one of the first National Guard divisions to transform its component units to the new combat brigade structure. In 2005, it was ranked 1st out of 8 National Guard divisions with regard to readiness indicators.

Currently, the 34th Infantry "Red Bull" Division is ranked No. 1 of the Eight National Guard Divisions The majority of the Division's 11,000 soldiers are located across two states -- Minnesota and Iowa. The Minnesota Army National Guard provides the Division Headquarters, located in Rosemount, a southern suburb of the Twin Cities. The 34th Infantry Division is the first National Guard Division to transform the Division Headquarters and to also transform the Brigade structure into Brigade Combat Teams.

Today, the division has undergone much change due to transformation. The entire division is projected to have transformed by Training Year 2010.

The 34th Infantry Division has encountered tremendous challenges within the last few years. The Division has mobilized and deployed approximately 11,000 soldiers to fight in the Global War on Terrorism.

In March 2006, the first brigade of the 34th Infantry Division commenced combat operations in central and southern Iraq as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom, returning the Red Bull patch to combat after 61 years.

[edit] Recent campaigns

34th Infantry Division personnel have been activated for the following recent operations:

[edit] Current composition

The current status of the Division is not clear, but from official websites, includes:

  • Division Headquarters
  • 1st Brigade Combat Team (Heavy)
  • 2nd Brigade Combat Team
  • 34th Aviation Expeditionary Brigade
    • 2nd Battalion, 147th Aviation (Assault)
    • 834th Aviation Support Battalion
    • Elements of 2nd Battalion, 211th Aviation (Ground Support)
  • 34th Sustainment Brigade (ex Division Support Command?)
    • 147 Personnel Services Battalion
    • 434th Brigade Troops Battalion
    • 434th Chemical Company
    • 34th and 257th Military Police Companies
    • 34th Infantry Division Band
  • other formations and units, including 1st Battalion, 125th Artillery,
  • it appears that once the reorganisation has finished in 2010 the 32nd Infantry Brigade (Wisconsin Army National Guard) and the 116th Cavalry Brigade will join the Division

[edit] Transformation

The 34th ID is undergoing transformation as part of the Army National Guard transformation plan.

  • Division Headquarters
  • 1st Brigade Combat Team (Heavy), (MN NG)
    • 2-136th Infantry Battalion (Combined Arms)
    • 1-194th Armor Battalion (Combined Arms)
    • 1-94th Cavalry Squadron (Armed Recon)
    • 1-125th Field Artillery Battalion
    • 134th Support Battalion
    • 1-34th Special Troops Battalion
  • 2nd Brigade Combat Team, (IA NG)
  • 32nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team (WI NG)
    • 1-105th Cavalry Squadron (RSTA)
    • 2-127th Infantry Battalion
    • 1-128th Infantry Battalion
    • 1-120th Field Artillery Battalion
    • 132nd Support Battalion
    • 32BCT Special Troops Battalion
  • 116th Cavalry Brigade Combat Team (Heavy), (ID NG)
    • 2-116th Cavalry Squadron (Armed Recon), (ID NG)
    • 1-163rd Infantry Battalion (Combined Arms)(MT NG)
    • 3-186th Armor Battalion (Combined Arms) (OR NG)
    • 1-148th Field Artillery Battalion, (ID NG)
    • 145th Support Battalion, (ID NG)
    • 116BCT Special Troops Battalion
  • 34th Aviation Expeditionary Brigade, (MN NG)
    • 1-113th Aviation Battalion (S&S) (ND NG)
    • 2-147th Aviation Battalion (Assault), (MN NG)
    • 1-183rd Aviation Battalion (Attack), (ID NG)
    • 1-189th Aviation Battalion (General Support) (MT NG)
    • 834th Aviation Support Battalion, (MN NG)
    • G Company 147th Air Traffic Services, (MN NG)
  • 34th Sustainment Brigade (ex Division Support Command?)
    • 147 Personnel Services Battalion
    • 434th Brigade Troops Battalion
    • 434th Chemical Company
    • 34th and 257th Military Police Companies
    • 34th Infantry Division Band

[edit] References

  • The Army Almanac: A Book of Facts Concerning the Army of the United States U.S. Government Printing Office, 1950 reproduced at CMH.

http://www.dma.state.mn.us/redbull/AVN/Director/dir97.htm - for aviation units

  • 'UNIT DESIGNATIONS IN THE ARMY MODULAR FORCE'

http://www.cascom.army.mil/odct/Documents/AUSA_Briefing_26_Sep_05.ppt

[edit] External links

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