Transport in Chennai
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Chennai has a well developed transport infrastructure. Transport in the city and its suburbs is through a large metropolitan area road and rail network.
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[edit] Roads
Chennai's economic development has been closely tied to its port and transport infrastructure.
The city and metropolitan area are served by major arterial roads that run either in an east-west or north-south direction . Anna Salai or Mount Road as its more popularly called is the city's most famous road. It traverses most of central and south Chennai and leads on to the Great Southern Trunk Road (National Highway 45) to Thiruchirapalli. The Road runs in a north east to south west direction. Other arterial include Kamaraj Salai (north-south), Poonamalee High Road (east-west), Broadway (east-west), Radhakrishnan Salai (east-west), Sardar Patel Road (east-west)etc. Chennai is also served by two ring roads namely the Inner Ring Road and Outer Ring Road that circle the metropolitan area. Most of the arterial roads lead to the National Highways and State Highways.
Five major National Highways radiate outward from Chennai:
- Erukancheri High Road to the northwest, becoming National Highway 5 to Kolkata;
- Poonamallee High Road (Periyar Salai) to the west, becoming National Highway 4 to Bangalore;
- Mount Road (Anna Salai) to the southwest, becoming National Highway 45 to Tiruchirapalli and interior Tamil Nadu;
- Madras-Tiruvallur High Road (MTH Road), built parallel to NH 4 to the west, leading to Tiruvallur;
- Beach Road to the south along the coast, becoming East Coast Road to Pondicherry and beyond.
In the city, the important radial roads are connected to each other by the two ring roads, the Inner Ring Road and Outer Ring Road. A major problem facing Chennai is urban sprawl. When the Inner Ring Road was built in the early 1980s, it used to effectively bypass the city and was valuable for rapid freight movement between the southwest NH 45 and the northwest NH 5. The city grew subsequently and subsumed the road as part of itself. The Outer Ring Road was built through the late 1990s to provide a better bypass. It currently links NH 45 with NH 4, and a second stage linking NH 4 with NH 5 is planned. Elevated roadways are also being built along several sections of existing roadway to reduce travel time.
The Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus (CMBT) was opened in 2001 in Koyambedu in western Chennai by Chief Minister Ms.J.Jayalalitha. The CMBT is the largest bus station in South Asia, and serves as the terminus for all intercity buses from Chennai. The CMBT is located on the Inner Ring Road, replacing the older terminus on the Esplanade in the city centre. State transport and private bus services to all major cities and towns in Tamil Nadu and neighbouring states start from here.
[edit] Public Transport
Most of Chennai's intra-city transport requirements are met by an extensive public transport system. The bus service, which is run by the government-owned Metropolitan Transport Corporation covers the city and its suburbs extensively.Bus services are generally considered efficient, but buses on some routes can get very crowded at times. The bus service, which plies about 2773 buses on 375 routes, moves an estimated 4.2 million passengers each day. [1]
In addition to the bus service, private metered call taxis, fixed rate tourist taxis and metered autos are extensively used. In the case of autos though, drivers often demand flat rates especially for short distances(say 1-2 km). Vans which are run like bus services and popularly called "Maxi Cabs" also ply on many routes in the city. The suburban areas of the city are also served by private mini bus company services as well as government bus transport corporations of neighbouring districts.
Despite a sharp increase in the number of four wheelers in the city many private vehicles are motorcycles, mopeds or motorscooters, all of which are preferred to cars for their lower prices,fuel efficiency, maneuverability, and ease of parking.
[edit] Railway Network
In addition to the roads, Chennai has a complex rail network for both passengers and freight.
[edit] Suburban System
The suburban system can be broken down into four sections:
- Central - Avadi - Arakkonam
- Central - Ennore - Gummidipoondi
- Beach - Tambaram
- MRTS
The system uses broad gauge. The section from Washermanpet to Beach handles predominantly freight traffic from Chennai Port, and is not geared well to serve passengers.
The MRTS system is planned to meet with Tambaram.
[edit] Stations
[edit] Central - Avadi - Tiruvallur - Arakkonam
Stations: Chennai Central - Basin Bridge - Vyasarpadi - Perambur - Perambur Carriage Works - Perambur Loco Works - Villivakkam - Korattur - Pattaravakkam - Ambattur - Thirumullaivoyal - Annanur - Avadi - Hindu College - Pattabiram -Tiruninravur - Veppampattu - Sevvapet Road - Putlur - Tiruvallur - ... - Arakkonam.
[edit] Central - Ennore - Gummidipoondi
Stations: Chennai Central - Basin Bridge - Korukkupet - Tondiarpet - Tondiarpet Yard - Tiruvottiyur - Wimco Nagar - Kathivakkam - Ennore - ... - Gummidipoondi - ... - Sullurpeta
[edit] Beach - Tambaram
Stations: Chennai Beach - Fort - Park Town - Chennai Egmore - Chetput - Nungambakkam - Kodambakkam - Mambalam - Saidapet - Guindy - St Thomas Mount - Pazhavanthangal - Meenambakkam - Trisulam - Pallavaram - Chromepet - Tambaram Sanitarium - Tambaram - ... - Chengalpattu
[edit] MRTS
Stations: Beach - Fort - Park Town - Chintadripet - Chepauk - Thiruvallikeni - Lighthouse - Thirumylai - Mandaveli - Greenways Road - Kotturpuram - Kasturba Nagar - Indira Nagar - Tiruvanmiyur - Tidel Park - Taramani - Velacheri
[edit] Main Railway Terminal Stations
There are two main railway terminals, the Chennai Central station, which is the city's largest railway station with trains to all the major cities and towns in India, and Chennai Egmore, with trains to cities and towns within Tamil Nadu.
[edit] Metro Railway
An underground cum elevated cum surface metro railway transport system has been planned for the city to meet the future urban transport requirements.
[edit] Airport
The Chennai International Airport serves as the city's airport for both domestic and international flights. The city is connected to major hubs in South Asia, South East Asia, the Middle East, Europe and North America through over fifteen international carriers. The airport is also the second busiest cargo terminus in the country with its large integrated cargo terminal. The Airport lies around 25 km from the city centre and is accessible by road and rail transport services.
Other airports in the metropolitan area include the Indian Air Force base at Tambaram and the Indian Naval air base at Arakkonam.
[edit] Ports
The city is served by two major ports namely the Chennai Port which is one of the largest artificial ports and the Ennore Port. The Chennai port is India's second busiest container hub handling general industrial cargo, automobiles etc. An additional container terminal is being constructed as well. Chennai Port has 21 alongside berths in three distinct zones of the Chennai port namely the Ambedkar Dock (inner harbour to handle passenger, general cargo and containers), Jawahar Dock (to handle coal,fertiliser,other bulk and break bulk cargo)and Bharathi Dock (outer harbour accommodates ore and oil handling system and a modern container terminal). The Ennore port currently handles cargo such as coal, ore and bulk and break bulk cargo. However, a new container terminal is also planned for the Ennore port. A smaller harbour at Royapuram is used by local fishing boats and trawlers.
