Transient voltage suppressor diode

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A transient voltage suppressor or TVS is a general classification of an array of devices that are designed to react to sudden or momentary overvoltage conditions. One such common device used for this purpose is known as the transient voltage suppressor diode that is simply a zener diode designed to protect electronics against overvoltages. Another design alternative applies a family of products that are known as Metal Oxide Varistor or just MOV that protect electronic circuits and electrical equipment.

The characteristic of a TVS requires that it respond to overvoltages faster than other common overvoltage protection components such as varistors or gas discharge tubes. This makes TVS devices or components useful for protection against very fast and often damaging voltage transients. These fast overvoltage transients are present on all distribution networks and can be caused by either internal or external events, such as lightning or motor arcing.

Applications of transient voltage suppressor diodes, also termed Transorbs, are used for unidirectional/bi-directional ESD protection of transmission or data lines in electronic circuits. MOV based TVS are utilized to protect home electronics, distribution systems and may accommodate industrial level power distribution disturbances saving downtime and damage to equipment. The level of energy in a transient overvoltage can be equated to energy measured in joules or related to amperage when devices are rated for various applications. These bursts of overvoltage can be measured with specialized electronic meters that are capable of showing power disturbances of a high amplitude, thousands of volts, that last for very short time periods, even nanoseconds.