Tiruvalluvar
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Tiruvalluvar was one of the greatest Tamil poets. Thirukkural, one of the greatest ethical works in Tamil language was written by him.
Very little is known conclusively about the life of Tiruvalluvar. As per Tamil tradition, he is believed to have lived some time during the 1st millennium AD. While most scholars place him between 100 and 300 AD, there are a few who consider him to have lived around 600 A.D. He is said to have been a textile weaver by profession, who led an austere life. His devoted wife was named Vasuki. The term Tiru is the Tamil term of respect, equivalent to the North Indian/Sanskrit Shri/Shree. This phrase of respect coupled with his supposed name Valluvan (pluralized by changing 'n' to 'r' as part of the Tamil honorific system), led to the name by which he is referred to today. The name Valluvan is ambiguous as well: it may have referred to his caste/occupation and may not have been his real name. There is a distinct caste to this day with this name, among the Tamils whose traditional occupation used to be textile weaving who trace their ancestry to Tiruvalluvar. However, the question of whether the author was named after his community or vice versa, has never been satisfactorily answered.
Legends abound about the birthplace of Thiruvalluvar. According to one legend he is supposed to have been born and lived in Mylapore, an ancient part of present day Chennai city. Another legend associates him to Madurai, the ancient capital of the Pandya rulers. This second legend probably has its origins due to the fact that Pandya rulers promoted Tamil by patronising a lot of Tamil poets and Thiruvalluvar is supposed to be one of them. In fact, some folklore cite that Tirukkural was introduced to the world by Tiruvalluvar in Madurai's Tamil Sangam, a historical equivalent to a modern day's conference of eminent scholars and researchers, which was conducted by the Pandyas on a regular basis for a long number of years. There are also recent claims by Kanyakumari Historical and Cultural Research Centre (KHCRC) that Valluvar was a king who ruled Valluvanadu in the hilly tracts of Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu. Though this recent claim comes through research, many questions remain unanswered. For instance there existed during the 9th century A.D. a Valluvanadu in Kerala itself.
Tiruvalluvar's faith is disputed. Many Hindus claim that he was an Hindu, while there are also accounts of his having been a Jain. In any case, Tamils consider Tiruvalluvar to be a holy saint and his work is often referred to as poyyamozhi (பொய்யா மொழி, literally "linguistic work that never turns false - book that never fail to be true - independence from time dimension"). Thirukural is an "Eternal Truth". Indeed, many say that Tiruvalluvar was unconcerned about whether he was a follower of the Vedas or of Mahavira, and like his book, ignored the artificial boundaries between religions.
[edit] Thirukkural
Thirukkural is one of the oldest and most revered works in the Tamil language. It consists of 133 adhikarams (அதிகாரம்) or chapters. Each adhikaram consists of 10 kurals thus making 1330 kurals in total. Each kural is a couplet. The first Kural is Agara mudhala ezhuthellam aadhi bhagavan mudhatrey ulagu.
Thirukkural has been broadly divided into three parts (அறம், பொருள், இன்பம்), of which the first deals with Aram (Virtue) the moral value of Life, the second discusses Porul (Wealth), socio-economic values of Life, and the third on Inbam (Love), depicts the psychological values of Life. There are 38 chapters in the first part, 70 chapters in the second part and 25 chapters in the third part. In the third part, Thiruvalluvar plays the role of creative artist. But in the first two parts, we find Thiruvalluvar as a moral philosopher and political scientist. Only in the third part, Thiruvalluvar portrays the fascinating aspects of lovers, the Akam tradition which he has inherited from his ancestors. He is said to have been the most influential of all Tamil poets and the most revered. There is a huge statue carved out of rock on the southern tip of India in Kanyakumari at the confluence of three seas -- the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean . It is 133 ft tall denoting Thirukkural's 133 adhikarams.
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