Tin(IV) chloride
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| Tin(IV) chloride | |
|---|---|
 |
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| General | |
| Systematic name | Tin tetrachloride Tin(IV) chloride |
| Other names | Stannic chloride |
| Molecular formula | SnCl4 |
| Molar mass | 260.50 g/mol |
| Appearance | fuming liquid |
| CAS number | [7646-78-8] |
| Properties | |
| Density and phase | 2.226 g/ml, liquid |
| Solubility in water | Decomposes |
| Melting point | -33 °C |
| Boiling point | 114.1 °C |
| Viscosity | ? cP at ? °C |
| Thermodynamic data | |
| Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH°solid |
? kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy S°solid |
? J.K−1.mol−1 |
| Safety data | |
| EU classification | Corrosive (C) |
| R-phrases | R34, R52/53 |
| S-phrases | S1/2, S7/8, S26, S45, S61 |
| NFPA 704 |    |
| Supplementary data page | |
| Structure and properties |
n, εr, etc. |
| Thermodynamic data |
Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas |
| Spectral data | UV, IR, NMR, MS |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Tin(IV) fluoride Tin(IV) bromide Tin(IV) iodide |
| Other cations | Tin(II) chloride Germanium tetrachloride Lead(IV) chloride |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Tin(IV) chloride, also known as tin tetrachloride or stannic chloride is a chemical compound with the formula SnCl4. At room temperature it is a colourless liquid, which fumes on contact with air, giving a stinging odour. Its molecular weight is 260.5, its boiling point 114°C, and its freezing point -32°C. It is prepared from reaction of chlorine gas with elemental tin.
Anhydrous tin(IV) chloride is a strong Lewis acid which reacts violently with water. It is extremely corrosive to skin. On contact with air it releases severely irritating hydrogen chloride fumes. It forms a white pentahydrate, formerly known as butter of tin because of its consistency.
Stannic chloride was used as a chemical weapon in World War I. It is also used in the glass container industry for making an external coating containing tin(IV) oxide which toughens the glass. It is a starting material for organotin compounds.
Stannic chloride is used in chemical reactions with fuming (90%) nitric acid for the selective nitration of activated aromatic rings in the presence of unactivated ones.
[edit] See also
[edit] Reference
- ↑ Thurston, D. E. et al. (1990). Synthesis 81–84.
