Timeline of Jerusalem

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Jerusalem
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This Garrison a partial timeline of the Jerusalem:

1800 BCE

The Jebusites build the wall Jebus (Jerusalem).

993 BCE

King David attacks and captures Jerusalem. Jerusalem becomes City of David and capital of the Kingdom of Israel.

c. 960 BCE

King Solomon builds the First Temple.

922 BCE

Jerusalem becomes the capital of the (southern) Kingdom of Judah led by Rehoboam after the split of the United Monarchy.

701 BCE

The Assyrians lay an unsuccessful siege on Jerusalem.

c. 700 BCE

King Hezekiah builds the Pool of Siloam tunnel in order to supply the Gihon Spring water to the city.

606 BCE-586 BCE

The Babylonians destroy Jerusalem in three waves of attacks. King Nebuchadnezzar burns the Solomon's Temple in 586 BCE.

537 BCE

King Cyrus the Great allows the Israelites to return from the Babylonian captivity and rebuild the Temple. The first wave, led by Sheshbazzar, repatriates and reestablishes sacrificial worship on the site of the destroyed Temple. The second wave is led by Zerubbabel, the appointed governor of Judah and the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak (Haggai 1:12).

515 BCE

The Second Temple is built.

458 BCE

Ezra leads 1,800 Jews from Babylonia

444 BCE

The appointed governor of Judah Nehemiah rebuilds the Old City walls

410 BCE

The Great Assembly is established in Jerusalem.

332 BCE

Hellenistic domination under Alexander the Great.

313 BCE

Ptolemy I of Egypt rules Jerusalem.

175 BCE-165 BCE

Antiochus Epiphanes sacks Jerusalem and erects an altar to Zeus in the Second Temple after plundering it.

167 BCE-164 BCE

Maccabean revolt.

165 BCE 25 Kislev

The Maccabees recapture Jerusalem, rededicate the Temple (see Hanukkah). Jewish autonomy is restored under the Hasmoneans.

63 BCE

Roman invasion by Pompey.

37 BCE

Jerusalem is the capital of Roman client kingdom under Herod the Great, appointed by Rome.

19 BCE

Herod expands the Temple Mount and rebuilds the Temple (the Herod's Temple).

- CE -

6

Jerusalem becomes a part of the Roman province Iudaea, ruled by procurators.

33

Crucifixion of Jesus.

66-73

First Jewish-Roman War.

70

Titus besieges and sacks Jerusalem and destroys the Temple on Tisha B'Av.

132-135

Hadrian crushes Bar Kokhba's revolt, reestablishes Jerusalem as the Roman pagan polis Aelia Capitolina, and forbids Jewish presence.

324

Jerusalem becomes a part of the Byzantine Empire.

361-363

Tolerant to other faiths, pagan Emperor Julian the Apostate announces to the Jews that they are allowed to return to "holy Jerusalem which you have for many years longed to see rebuilt".

390s

Church of the Holy Sepulchre is built.

614

Jerusalem falls to Persians led by General Shahrbaraz. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is burned and the True Cross is captured. "Ever since the Persian occupation, ... the Jews had resumed worship on the (Temple Mount) platform ..." (K. Armstrong: p. 229)

629 March 21

Byzantine Emperor Heraclius retakes Jerusalem.

638

Muslim Arabs under the leadership of Caliph Umar conquer Jerusalem from Christian Byzantine Empire.

687-691

The Dome of the Rock mosque is built by Caliph Abd al-Malik.

715

The Ummayads build Masjid al-Aqsa.

1009

Caliph Hakim orders destruction of churches and synagogues.

1077

Turks conquer Jerusalem.

1099

First Crusaders capture Jerusalem and slaughter most of the city's Muslim and Jewish inhabitants.

12th century

Jerusalem is visited by Yehuda Halevi (1141), Maimonides (1165), Benjamin of Tudela (1173).

1187

Saladin captures Jerusalem from Crusaders, allows Jewish settlement.

1192

Richard the Lionheart fails to conquer Jerusalem.

1212

300 Rabbis from England and France settle in Jerusalem.

1244

Kharezmian Tatars conquer the city.

1247

Egyptian conquer the city.

1259

Jerusalem is sacked by the Mongols.

1260

Rule by the Mamelukes.

1267

Nachmanides goes to Jerusalem and prays at the Western Wall.

1347

The second conquest by the Mamelukes.

1482

The visiting Dominican priest Felix Fabri described Jerusalem as "a collection of all manner of abominations". As "abominations" he listed Saracens, Greeks, Syrians, Jacobites, Abyssianians, Nestorians, Armenians, Gregorians, Maronites, Turcomans, Bedouins, Assassins, a sect possibly Druzes, Mamelukes, and "the most accursed of all", Jews. Only the Latin Christians "long with all their hearts for Christian princes to come and subject all the country to the authority of the Church of Rome".

1517

Sultan Selim of the Ottoman Empire captures Jerusalem.

1535-1538

Suleiman the Magnificent rebuilds walls around Jerusalem.

1541

Muslims seal The Golden Gate to prevent Jewish Messiah's entrance.

1556

Earthquake damages the city.

1700

Judah the Pious with 1,000 followers settle in Jerusalem.

1705

Restrictive legislation against the Jews.

1798

Napoleon visits the area.

1827

First visit by Sir Moses Montefiore.

1831

Sultan Mehemet Ali of Egypt conquers the city.

1838

The first British consulate is opened.

1840

The Ottoman Turks retake the city.

1844

The first census: 7120 Jews, 5760 Muslims, 3390 Christians.

1860

The first Jewish neighborhood (Mishkenot Sha'ananim) is built outside the Old City walls. [1]

1873-1875

Mea Shearim is built.

1898

Theodore Herzl meets German Kaiser Wilhelm outside city walls.

1906

Bezalel School of Art is founded.

1917

British Army led by General Allenby captures the city.

1918

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI) is founded (inaugurated in 1925) on Mount Scopus on the land owned by the Jewish National Fund. 1923: The first lecture is delivered by the first president of World Union of Jewish Students (WUJS) Albert Einstein.

1918-1920

Jerusalem is under British military administration.

1920

Arab riots.

1922-1948

The British Mandate of Palestine. Haj Amin al-Husayni is appointed Mufti of Jerusalem.

1929

Arab riots in Hebron, Safed and Jerusalem.

1932

King David Hotel is opened. The first issue of The Palestine Post is published.

1947 November 29

1947 UN Partition Plan calls for internationalization of Jerusalem (UN General Assembly Resolution 181).

1948-1949

1948 Arab-Israeli War

May 13: Hadassah medical convoy massacre.
May 14: The term of the British Mandate ends.
May 14: The State of Israel is established at 4 pm
May 28: The Jewish Quarter of the Old City falls to Arab Legion under Glubb Pasha.
July 26: West Jerusalem is proclaimed territory of Israel.
1949: Jerusalem is proclaimed the capital of Israel. The Knesset moves to Jerusalem from Tel-Aviv. Jordan prevents access to the Western Wall and Mount Scopus, in violation of the 1949 Armistice Agreements.

1951

King Abdullah I of Jordan is assassinated by Arab extremists on the Temple Mount.

1953

Establishment of Yad Vashem.

1964

Pope Paul VI visits the city.

1966

Inauguration of new Knesset building. Israel Museum and Shrine of the Book are established.

1967 5-11 June

The Six Day War.

June 7: The Old City is captured by the IDF.
June 28: Israel declares Jerusalem unified and announces free access to holy sites of all religions.

1969: An Australian Protestant extremist burns a part of the al-Aqsa Mosque.
1977: President of Egypt Anwar Sadat visits Jerusalem.
1978: WUJS headquarters moves from London to Jerusalem.
1980: The Jerusalem Law is enacted.