Timeline of Hurricane Katrina

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Hurricane Katrina

2005 Atlantic hurricane season

General

Impact

Relief

Analysis

Other wikis

This article contains a historical timeline of the events of Hurricane Katrina.

Contents

[edit] Formation

[edit] Tuesday, 23 August 2005

Tropical Depression Twelve formed over the southeastern Bahamas at 5:00 PM EDT (2100 UTC) on August 23, 2005, partially from the remains of Tropical Depression Ten. While normal standards for numbering tropical depressions indicate that the old name/number is retained, satellite data indicates that a second disturbance combined with Tropical Depression Ten to form a new system, which was so designated as Tropical Depression Twelve.[1] In a later re-analysis, it was determined that the low-level circulation of Ten had completely detached and dissipated, with only the remnant mid-level circulation moving on and merging with the aforementioned tropical wave. Those conditions did not fulfill the criteria for keeping the same name and identity. [2]

[edit] Wednesday, 24 August 2005

At 11:00 AM EDT (1500 UTC), Tropical Depression Twelve was upgraded to Tropical Storm Katrina.

[edit] Thursday, 25 August 2005

At 7:00 AM EDT (1100 UTC), the FEMA National Response Coordination Center (NRCC) Red Team was activated. By 5:00 PM EDT (2100 UTC), Tropical Storm Katrina is upgraded to Hurricane Katrina, the fourth hurricane of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season.[2]

[edit] Florida landfall

[edit] Thursday, 25 August 2005

At 6:30 PM EDT (2230 UTC), Katrina made its first landfall in Florida as a Category 1 hurricane near Hallandale Beach, Florida on the Miami-Dade/Broward county line. After landfall, instead of travelling west as originally forecasted, Katrina jogged hard left (south) almost parallel to the coastline in densely-populated metropolitan Miami, Florida. As many as six people were killed, including three people killed by falling trees and two boaters that attempted to ride out the storm in their crafts.[3]

Katrina continued its path through Coral Gables and southwest Miami, then travelled southwest through the unpopulated Everglades National Park and exited the state near the southern tip of mainland Florida.

Katrina destroyed many old large trees in Miami, pulling some out of the ground by the roots. Hurricane experts who toured the Kendall/Sunset area after the storm determined that tornadoes had been spawned out of the hurricane, but luckily only struck between houses, causing no deaths.

[edit] Gulf of Mexico

[edit] Friday, August 26, 2005

At 1:00 AM EDT, maximum sustained winds had decreased to 70 mph and Katrina was again downgraded to a tropical storm. At 5:00 AM EDT, the eye of Hurricane Katrina was located just offshore of southwestern Florida over the Gulf of Mexico about 50 miles (80 km) north-northeast of Key West, Florida. Maximum sustained winds had again increased to 75 mph (121 km/h) and Katrina was upgraded again to a category 1 hurricane.

In early afternoon, the National Hurricane Center officially shifts the possible track of Katrina from the Florida Panhandle to the Mississippi/Louisiana coast. Governor Kathleen Babineaux Blanco declared a state of emergency for the state of Louisiana.[4] The declaration included activation of the state of Louisiana's emergency response and recovery program under the command of the director of the state office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness to supply emergency support services. Following the declaration of a state of emergency, federal troops were deployed to Louisiana to coordinate the planning of operations with FEMA.[5]

By 11:00 PM EDT, the National Hurricane Center predicted that Hurricane Katrina would strike the town of Buras-Triumph, Louisiana, 66 miles (106 km) southeast of New Orleans.[6]

[edit] Saturday, August 27, 2005

By 5:00 AM EDT, Hurricane Katrina reached Category 3 intensity.

At 10:00 AM EDT, officials in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana, St. Tammany Parish, and Plaquemines Parish ordered a mandatory evacuation of all of their residents. Jefferson Parish and St. Bernard Parish ordered voluntary evacuations, recommending that all residents evacuate, particularly those living in lower areas. Jefferson Parish officials did declare a mandatory evacuation for the coastal areas of Grand isle, Crown Point, Lafitte, and Barataria. Tolls were suspended on the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway as well as the Crescent City Connection, to speed up the evacuation process.

At 5:00 PM EDT, New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin announced a state of emergency and a called for a voluntary evacuation. He added that he would stick with the state's evacuation plan and not order a mandatory evacuation until 30 hours before the expected landfall. This would allow those residents in low-lying surrounding parishes to leave first and avoid gridlocked escape routes. However, he did recommend that residents of low-lying areas of the city, such as Algiers and the 9th Ward, get a head start. Nagin said the city would open the Superdome as a shelter of last resort for evacuees with special needs. He advised anyone planning to stay there to bring their own food, drinks and other comforts such as folding chairs. "No weapons, no large items, and bring small quanties of food for three or four days, to be safe," he said.[7]

Map of Louisiana parishes eligible for assistance.
Map of Louisiana parishes eligible for assistance.

Governor Blanco sends a letter to President George W. Bush asking him to declare a major disaster for the State of Louisiana, in order to release federal assistance.[8]

In response to Governor Blanco's request, President Bush declared a federal state of emergency in Louisiana under the authority of the Stafford Act, which provided a, "means of assistance by the Federal Government to State and local governments in carrying out their responsibilities to alleviate the suffering and damage which result from such disasters,..."[9]

The emergency declaration provided for federal assistance and funding, as well as assigned, by law, the responsibility for coordinating relief efforts with those government bodies and relief agencies which agree to operate under his advice or direction, to the FEMA federal coordinating officer (FCO).[10] It also provided for military assets and personnel to be deployed in relief and support operations, although the Posse Comitatus Act imposes strict limitations on the use of Active Duty soldiers in law enforcement.

That night, National Hurricane Center director Max Mayfield briefed President Bush, Governor Blanco, Governor Haley Barbour of Mississippi, and Mayor Nagin on the status of Hurricane Katrina.[6]

[edit] Sunday, August 28, 2005

Just after midnight, at 12:40 AM CDT (0540 UTC), Hurricane Katrina reached Category 4 intensity with 145 mph winds. By 7:00 AM CDT (1200 UTC), it was a Category 5 storm, with maximum sustained winds of 175 mph (280 km/h), gusts up to 215 mph (344 km/h) and a central pressure of 902 mbar.

In a press conference at roughly 10:00 AM CDT (1500 UTC), Nagin declared that "a mandatory evacuation order is hereby called for all of the parish of Orleans." "We're facing the storm most of us have feared," he told the early-morning news conference, with the governor at his side. Following Nagin's speech, Governor Blanco stated that President Bush called her "just before" the press conference and said that he was "concerned about the [storm’s] impact" and asked her "to please ensure that there would be a mandatory evacuation of New Orleans."[11] Katrina was expected to make landfall overnight.[12] Shortly after the meeting, at 10:00 AM CDT (1500 UTC), the National Weather Service issued a bulletin predicting "devastating" damage.

At 12:00 PM CDT (1700 UTC), the Louisiana Superdome was opened as a, "refuge of last resort," for those residents that were unable to obtain safe transport out of the city.

President Bush declared a state of emergency in Alabama and Mississippi,[13][14] and a major disaster in Florida,[15] under the authority of the Stafford Act.

[edit] Second landfall

Hurricane Katrina making its second landfall, near the Mississippi River Delta.
Enlarge
Hurricane Katrina making its second landfall, near the Mississippi River Delta.

[edit] Monday, August 29, 2005

At 6:10 AM CDT (1110 UTC), Hurricane Katrina made its second landfall as a Category 3 hurricane near Buras-Triumph, Louisiana, with sustained winds of more than 125 mph (201 km/h). Katrina also made landfall in St. Bernard parish and St. Tammany parish for a total of three landfalls in Louisiana.

By 8:00 AM CDT (1300 UTC), in New Orleans, water was seen rising on both sides of the Industrial Canal.

At approximately 8:14 AM CDT (1314 UTC), the New Orleans office of the National Weather Service issues a Flash Flood Warning for Orleans Parish and St Bernard Parish, citing a levee breach at the Industrial Canal. The National Weather Service predicted three to eight feet of water and advised people in the warning area to "move to higher ground immediately." The Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina: Lessons Learned, National Weather Service statements from Hurricane Katrina (not an NWS site).

By 9:00 AM CDT (2100 UTC), there was 6-8 feet of water in the Lower Ninth Ward.[16]

At 10:00 AM CDT (1500 UTC), Hurricane Katrina made its third landfall near Pearlington, Mississippi and Slidell, Louisiana, with sustained winds of 120 mph (193 km/h) after crossing Breton Sound. Also at 10:00 AM. while at a Medicare event in El Mirage, Arizona, President Bush said, "I want to thank the governors of the affected regions for mobilizing assets prior to the arrival of the storm to help citizens avoid this devastating storm."[17]

By 11:00 AM CDT (1600 UTC), there was approximately 10 feet (3 m) of water in St. Bernard Parish.[16] Many rooftops could not be seen here as they were submerged. Therefore, there was much more than 10 feet of water in many places.

At 2:00 PM CDT (1900 UTC), New Orleans officials confirmed a breach of the 17th Street Canal levee.[16] There was also confirmation of breaches at two other canals.

In a press conference at 3:00 PM CDT (2000 UTC), New Orleans Homeland Security Director Terry Ebbertt stated that he was positive that there were casualties resulting from the storm, based on calls to emergency workers from people trapped in trees and homes. He said that, "Everybody who had a way or wanted to get out of the way of this storm was able to. For some that didn't, it was their last night on this earth."[18] Police were fanning out across the city to assess damage, rescue people, and get a good look at the situation before nightfall. The hardest-hit areas of the city were the Lower Ninth Ward, New Orleans East, Gentilly, Lakeview, St. Bernard parish, and Plaquemines parish.

Governor Blanco ordered 68 school buses into New Orleans from surrounding parishes to begin evacuating any survivors that remained in the city. FEMA Director Michael Brown also urged local fire and rescue departments outside Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi not to send trucks or emergency workers into disaster areas without an explicit request for help from state or local governments. Brown sought the approval from Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff five hours after landfall to dispatch 1,000 Homeland Security workers into the region. Brown acknowledged that this process would take two days. He described Katrina as a, "near catastrophic event."

Brown defined the role of requested assigned personnel and additional aid from the United States Department of Homeland Security: "Establish and maintain positive working relationships with disaster affected communities and the citizens of those communities. Collect and disseminate information and make referrals for appropriate assistance. Identification of potential issues within the community and reporting to appropriate personnel. Convey a positive image of disaster operations to government officials, community organizations and the general public. Perform outreach with community leaders on available Federal disaster assistance."[19]

President Bush declared a major disaster for Louisiana, Mississippi,[20] and Alabama,[21] under the authority of the Stafford Act.

[edit] Aftermath

[edit] Tuesday, August 30, 2005

At 12:00 PM CDT (1700 UTC), Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff became aware that the New Orleans levee breaches could not be plugged.[16] Governor Blanco ordered that all of New Orleans, including the Superdome, be evacuated due to the flooding of the city. She commandeered hundreds of buses from across Louisiana using her executive powers, and those buses eventually evacuated more than 15,000 people that were stranded in the city by Thursday, September 1.[22]There were also many instances of reported of looting, including looting by police officers.[23] Governor Blanco also said that she will request President Bush send federal troops to help restore law and order in New Orleans.

[edit] Wednesday, August 31, 2005

A National Guard multi-purpose utility truck brings supplies to the Louisiana Superdome in downtown New Orleans.
Enlarge
A National Guard multi-purpose utility truck brings supplies to the Louisiana Superdome in downtown New Orleans.

Hurricane Katrina is downgraded to a tropical depression.

At 10:00 PM CDT (0300 UTC), Mayor Ray Nagin announced that the planned sandbagging of the 17th Street Canal levee breach had failed. At the time, 80% of the city was underwater.

Michael Chertoff released a memo to other cabinet members and the Environmental Protection Agency stating that, "the President has established the 'White House Task Force on Hurricane Katrina Response.' He will meet with us tomorrow to launch this effort." The memo also declared Hurricane Katrina to be an Incident of National Significance and designated Michael Brown, Under-Secretary for Emergency Preparedness and Response (EP&R), as the Principal Federal Official (PFO) for incident management purposes."[24]

In a national news conference presided over by Chertoff, EPA Administrator Stephen L. Johnson announces relaxation of Federal fuel and emissions standards in responce to Katrina. [25]

The USS Bataan was positioned off the coast of Gulfport, Mississippi to support the relief efforts.[26] The United States Navy moved additional ships and helicopters into the region at the request of FEMA.[27] The number of National Guardsmen on duty in the Gulf Coast rose to approximately 8,300. They remained under their respective governor's control, which enables them to provide law-enforcement support in the affected regions, which is prohibited by the Posse Comitatus Act.[28]

President Bush observes damage from Hurricane Katrina over New Orleans, August 31.
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President Bush observes damage from Hurricane Katrina over New Orleans, August 31.

President Bush returned early to Washington from vacationing at his ranch in Crawford, Texas. Though he does not stop in Louisiana, Air Force One flies low over the Gulf Coast so that he can view the devastation in Air Force One for a monetary photo opportunity. He later declared a Public Health Emergency for the Gulf Coast.

Mayor Nagin ordered almost the entire New Orleans' police force to abandon search and rescue missions and turn their attention toward controlling the widespread looting and a curfew is placed in effect.[29]

State workers began work at closing the 17th Street Canal breach, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers adds additional resources to the task.

At 11:00 PM EDT (0300 UTC), the National Hurricane Center announced that the center of the remnant low of what was Hurricane Katrina has been completely absorbed by a frontal boundary in southeastern Canada, with no discernible circulation.[30] The remnants of the hurricane caused roads in northern Quebec to be rutted and eroded by heavy rainfall, isolating the north shore communities for several days.

BNSF Railway announced that it expected to restore limited freight service to southern Louisiana by September 1. Other than debris on the mainline, the biggest problem facing crews working to reopen the line is the damage to the Bayou Boeuf bridge in Morgan City, Louisiana. The bridge and bridge piers were struck by a barge propelled by the storm's winds and wave action. BNSF sent crews to repair damaged railway signal systems starting on August 30. BNSF transferred freight through other hubs such as St. Louis, Chicago, and Memphis until service was restored.[31]

Norfolk Southern (NS) announced that the majority their mainlines that were damaged by Hurricane Katrina were again operational. They removed almost 3,700 fallen trees and inspected over 1,400 miles (2,253 km) of track before setting trains in motion. Tracks directly into New Orleans, however, remained out of service due to washouts, continued flooding, as well as the city's evacuation orders. Freight that would have normally transferred in New Orleans was routed to other terminals across the NS system. The company's experience with previous hurricanes helped it to prepare action plans before Katrina made landfall. They moved repair equipment, supplies and employees into nearby areas and quickly deployed them to inspect and repair the system after the storm passed.[32]

[edit] Thursday, September 1

U.S. Senate passes a relief package.

President Bush appeared on Good Morning America, and said that he understood the frustration of Katrina victims, many of whom are still waiting for food, water, and other aid. "I fully understand people wanting things to have happened yesterday," Bush said. "I understand the anxiety of people on the ground. … So there is frustration. But I want people to know there's a lot of help coming." He said that the government's first priority is to save lives, and described the devastation that he saw while flying over the hardest-hit areas as, "very emotional," but was also very optimistic about the prospects of New Orleans' recovery.[33]

A 50-member Canadian search-and-rescue team from Vancouver, British Columbia reached a flooded New Orleans suburb to help save trapped residents.

National Guardsmen accompanied by buses (475 in all) and supply trucks begin to arrive at the Superdome.

A day after the National Guard (from Camp Beauregard) began delivering food, water and ice in New Orleans, the National President of the American Red Cross, Marsha Evans, requested to set up a shelter in New Orleans to pass out food and water. However, due to the ongoing military rescue operations in the city at the time, the Red Cross was asked to wait for 24 hours. By Saturday, the point was moot because the large-scale evacuation of the city was already underway.[34]

Meanwhile, conditions at the Superdome, as well as the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center, continued to deteriorate. Food and potable water were unavailable, anarchy was flaring up, with reports of rescuers coming under fire from people seeking to hijack supplies or transportation, and few buses were arriving to evacuate the survivors. About 5,000 refugees made it by bus to Reliant Astrodome, yet there were only about 2,000 cots available.[35] Secretary Chertoff is criticized by NPR's Robert Siegel during an interview on All Things Considered, as he had no knowledge of the approximately 2,000 survivors at the Convention Center with no food or water. He said, "I have not heard a report of thousands of people in the Convention Center who don't have food and water."[36] FEMA Director Brown said that FEMA only became aware of crisis at the Convention Center on this date, yet later claims to have known about it 24 hours earlier.[37]

Secretary Chertoff announced that 4,200 National Guard troops trained as military police would be deployed to New Orleans over the next three days. Governor Blanco requested the mobilization of an additional 40,000 National Guard troops.

California swift water rescue crew units deployed to the area rescued hundreds in New Orleans and Jefferson Parish. However, FEMA later halted the swift water rescue crews from conducting further rescues, citing safety concerns.[38]

Sealing of the 17th Street Canal from Lake Pontchartrain with sheet pilings begins, while closing the breach continues.

The New Orleans suburb of Gretna seals the Crescent City Connection bridge across the Mississippi River, turning back fleeing flood victims at gunpoint. Evacuees blamed the incident on racism, but the chief of police stated that the city was in lockdown and was not equipped to handle evacuees from New Orleans.[39]

The Kansas City Southern Railway reopened its Meridian Speedway railway line between Meridian, Mississippi, and Shreveport, Louisiana, after clearing debris and repairing damage caused by Hurricane Katrina. The line is also used by Norfolk Southern as a bridge route for NS intermodal trains between the Meridian and Alliance, Texas. KCS is also working with CSX Transportation and Meridian and Bigbee Railway to transfer additional intermodal traffic through Meridian rather than New Orleans or Birmingham.[40]

[edit] Friday, September 2, 2005

The front page of the September 2, 2005 edition of The Times-Picayune.
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The front page of the September 2, 2005 edition of The Times-Picayune.
President George W. Bush meets victims of Hurricane Katrina on September 2, 2005, during his tour of Biloxi.
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President George W. Bush meets victims of Hurricane Katrina on September 2, 2005, during his tour of Biloxi.

President Bush signed a $10.5 Billion relief package that was passed by Congress which included supplemental funds for FEMA, as well as $500 Million for the Pentagon for its relief efforts.[41] He also toured the hurricane-battered Gulf Coast, saying that he is ordering additional active duty forces to the region, and authorized a withdrawal of oil from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.

The Bush administration sent Governor Blanco a proposed legal memorandum asking her to request a federal takeover of the evacuation of New Orleans. Louisiana officials eventually rejected the request after talks throughout the night, concerned that such a move would be comparable to a federal declaration of martial law. [42]

Sheet piling blocks water flow into the 17th Street Canal, making closure of the breach not relevant to city flooding. Work on closing the breach continues for purposes of pumping.

Rapper Kanye West brought to light concerns about racism, as he goes off-script on NBC's, "Concert for Hurricane Relief" and says, "George Bush doesn't care about black people." He also made some comments about the Iraq War and the Bush administration.[43]

In a letter to the governors of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama, BNSF Railway (headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas) pledged a contribution of $1 Million, and offered rail transportation to aid in relief efforts for the areas affected by Hurricane Katrina. The monetary contribution came from the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Foundation as a donation to the American Red Cross relief efforts, while the transportation assistance was organized by the Association of American Railroads, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Federal Railroad Administration, as well as other railroads that serve the area. The letter also stated that repairs to the Bayou Boeuf bridge were now completed and BNSF's mainline was reopened as originally planned at 6:00 PM CST on September 1.

[edit] Sunday, September 4, 2005

The evacuation of the Superdome has been completed.

[edit] Monday, September 5, 2005

The 17th Street Canal levee breach was closed with truckloads of rock and sandbags. The canal reopened so that it could be used to pump water out of city.

[edit] Tuesday, September 6, 2005

Rescue workers said that there were still many, "holdouts," who were not heeding the mandatory evacuation order first issued by Nagin on August 28. They were concerned about their property being looted, were unaware of the full extent of the disaster, worried about their pets, or concerned that conditions would be worse in the shelters. Due to unsanitary conditions in the city, as well as contaminations of E. coli bacteria in the standing water in the city, Nagin ordered the forced evacuation of everyone that was not involved in cleaning up after Hurricane Katrina.[44]

Senator Barbara Mikulski (D-MD) called for Michael D. Brown's resignation. House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D-CA)and Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) voiced criticism of the disaster's handling, and of the Bush administration's management, delegation of control, leadership, and human consideration.[45]

[edit] Thursday, September 8, 2005

President Bush issued an executive order suspending the Davis-Bacon Act of 1931, allowing federal contractors rebuilding after Katrina to pay below the prevailing wage. This action upset labor leaders and democrats in Congress, who feared that it would make it more difficult for union contractors to win bids.[46]

[edit] Friday, September 9, 2005

FEMA Director Michael Brown was removed from directing Hurricane Katrina relief efforts in New Orleans by Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff. He has been replaced by Vice Admiral Thad W. Allen, Chief of Staff of the U.S. Coast Guard.[47]

[edit] Sunday, September 11, 2005

U.S. Army Lieutenant General Russell Honore and New Orleans Director of Homeland Security Terry Ebbert announced a, "zero access" policy on Friday, September 9, with regards to the media, in order to prevent members of the media from reporting on the recovery of dead bodies in New Orleans. CNN filed a lawsuit, then obtained a temporary restraining order to prevent government agencies from interfering with news coverage of recovery efforts. The federal government subsequently agreed on Saturday, September 10 not to attempt to restrict media coverage of events and Honore's deputy says that the original statement referred to a policy of not allowing embedded journalists on relief operations.[48]

Louisiana's Department of Environmental Quality issued an administrative order for information on railroad car status information from seventeen railroads in the areas affected by Hurricane Katrina. The Department sought to obtain a listing of all car reporting marks, types, contents, locations and physical status within the region. Previous flyovers of the area revealed a number of cars derailed in various states of damage, but it is as yet unknown the amount or types of hazardous materials that were involved.[49]

[edit] Monday, September 12, 2005

Michael D. Brown resigned as Director of FEMA for, "the best interest of the agency and the best interest of the president."[50]

[edit] Thursday, September 14, 2005

Congress approved the Katrina Emergency Tax Relief Act of 2005 for Hurricane Katrina victims, which included the elimination of the early withdrawal penalty on retirement accounts, forgiven debts not being taxable, and more.[51]

Karl Rove is reported to have been put in charge of reconstruction projects. [52]

[edit] Monday, September 19, 2005

After starting to allow residents back into the city, Mayor Nagin ordered yet another evacuation due to Hurricane Rita. With the levees and pumping systems in a weakened state, even a near-miss could bring flooding back to areas that have begun to dry out.[53]

As of September 19, the official death toll stood at 973. Mississippi had refused to raise its death toll above 218, or to explain why. Thousands of dead in Mississippi and Louisiana have not been counted, nor have the bodies been retrieved.

[edit] Wednesday, September 21, 2005

The official death toll was raised to 1,036, with 63 additional deaths recognized in Louisiana. This marked the first time since 1928 that a natural disaster in the U.S. had been officially acknowledged to have killed at least 1,000 people. Mississippi still would not increase its impossibly low figure of 218. State-by-state death tolls: Louisiana 799, Mississippi 218, Florida 14, Alabama 2, Georgia 2, Tennessee 1.

[edit] Friday, September 23, 2005

Hurricane Rita headed towards Houston, with its outer bands bringing rain to the New Orleans area. Efforts continued to shore up the levees weakened by Katrina.

[edit] Saturday, September 24, 2005

Hurricane Rita compounded the already growing problems as it makes landfall just west of where Hurricane Katrina had.

Brig. Gen. Doug Pritt and the 41st Brigade Combat Team of Oregon were designated as the head of Joint Task Force Rita, leading the multi-state National Guard relief efforts in the aftermath of Hurricanes Katrina and Hurricane Rita.

The official regionwide death toll from Hurricane Katrina was upgraded to 1,080. Mississippi still had not officially increased its death toll by much, but added 2 to the count. Thousands feared dead in Mississippi and Louisiana remain out of the official death toll. State-by-State death tolls: Louisiana 841, Mississippi 220, Florida 14, Alabama 2, Georgia 2, Tennessee 1.

[edit] Saturday, October 1, 2005

The official death toll from Hurricane Katrina was upgraded to 1,135. It had been 33 days since landfall in Louisiana and Mississippi. State-by-State death tolls: Louisiana 896, Mississippi 220, Florida 14, Alabama 2, Georgia 2, Tennessee 1.

[edit] Tuesday, October 4, 2005

To date, approximately 1.5 million people were evacuated from the damaged areas in Louisiana, roughly 1 million have applied for hurricane-related federal aid, 30,000 are in out-of-state shelters, 46,400 are in in-state shelters and 972 people have perished in the storm.

The official death toll was upgraded to 1,213 with more than 2,500 still missing. State-by-State death tolls: Louisiana 972, Mississippi 221, Florida 14, Alabama 2, Georgia 2, Tennessee 1, Kentucky 1.

[edit] Wednesday, October 5, 2005

Mayor Nagin announced that, due lack of funds, New Orleans would lay off 3,000 non-essential employees from the city's payroll, or about half of its workforce, over the next two weeks.[54]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ "Tropical Depression TWELVE." National Hurricane Center. August 23, 2005.
  2. ^ a b Knabb, Richard D.; Rhome, Jamie R. "Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Katrina." National Hurricane Center. December 20, 2005.
  3. ^ Staff Writer. "Katrina Intensifies And Reloads." CBS News. August 26, 2005.
  4. ^ Blanco, Kathleen. "State of Emergency - Hurricane Katrina." State of Louisiana. August 26, 2005.
  5. ^ Kitfield, James. "Military's Northern Command steps up response efforts." Government Executive Magazine. September 2, 2005.
  6. ^ a b Lush, Tamara. "For forecasting chief, no joy in being right." St. Petersburg Times. August 30, 2005.
  7. ^ Staff Writers. "Times-Picayune Breaking News Weblog." Times Picayune. August 27, 2005.
  8. ^ Shoup, Anna. "FEMA Faces Intense Scrutiny." PBS. September 9, 2005.
  9. ^ Staff Writer. "Emergency Aid Authorized For Hurricane Katrina Emergency Response In Louisiana." FEMA. August 27, 2005.
  10. ^ Staff Writer. "The Disaster Process and Disaster Aid Programs." FEMA.
  11. ^ Press Conference. "New Orleans Mayor, Louisiana Governor Hold Press Conference." CNN. August 28, 2005.
  12. ^ Glasser, Susan B.; Grunwald, Michael. "The Steady Buildup to a City's Chaos." Washington Post. September 11, 2005.
  13. ^ Press Release. "Alabama Hurricane Katrina Emergency Declaration." FEMA. August 28, 2005.
  14. ^ Press Release. "Hurricane Katrina Emergency Declaration." FEMA. August 28, 2005.
  15. ^ Press Release. "Florida Hurricane Katrina." FEMA. August 28, 2005.
  16. ^ a b c d McQuaid, John. "Anatomy of a Disaster." Newhouse News Service. September 8, 2005.
  17. ^ Bush, George W. "President Participates in Conversation on Medicare." White House. August 29, 2005.
  18. ^ Walker, Dave. "Ebbert expects casualties." Times Picayune. August 31, 2005.
  19. ^ Brown, Michael D. "Memorandum to Michael Chertoff" FEMA (provided by the Associated Press). August 29, 2005.
  20. ^ Press Release. "Mississippi Hurricane Katrina Declaration of Emergency." FEMA. August 29, 2005.
  21. ^ Press Release. "Alabama Hurricane Katrina Declaration of Emergency." FEMA. August 29, 2005.
  22. ^ Walker, David. "Blanco says evacuation buses on the way to N.O." Times Picayune. August 30, 2005.
  23. ^ Staff Writer. "Looters take advantage of New Orleans mess." MSNBC. August 30, 2005.
  24. ^ Landay, Jonathan S.; Young, Alison; McCaffrey, Shannon. "Chertoff delayed federal response, memo shows." Knight Ridder Newspapers/realcities.com. September 13, 2005.
  25. ^ Remarks by EPA Administrator Johnson - Waiver of EPA Standards for Gasoline and Diesel Fuels in Wake of Hurricane Katrina
  26. ^ DeVera, Joanne. "CNO Visits Bataan During Hurricane Katrina Relief Efforts" United States Navy. September 11, 2005.
  27. ^ Staff Writer. "CNN Update: August 30." CNN. August 30, 2005.
  28. ^ Miles, Donna. "Military Providing Full-Scale Response to Hurricane Relief Effort." American Forces Information Service. August 31, 2005.
  29. ^ Nossiter, Adam. "Superdome evacuations begin." The San Diego Union-Tribune. September 1, 2005.
  30. ^ "Tropical Summary Message." Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. August 31, 2005.
  31. ^ Press Release. "Hurricane-Damaged Line Expected to Open Thursday." 'BNSF Railway Company. August 31, 2005.
  32. ^ Press Release. "Norfolk Southern Post-Katrina Operations Returning To Normal." Norfolk Southern. August 31, 2005.
  33. ^ Good Morning America. "Exclusive: Bush Says Focus Must Be on People." ABC News. September 1, 2005
  34. ^ Staff Writer. "Red Cross: State rebuffed relief efforts." CNN. September 9, 2005.
  35. ^ Douglas, Jack, Jr.; Dodd, Scott; Merzer, Martin. "Time running out for hurricane survivors." The Times Leader. September 1, 2005.
  36. ^ Siegel, Robert. "U.S. Aid Effort Criticized in New Orleans." National Public Radio/All Things Considered. September 1, 2005.
  37. ^ Kirkpatrick, David D.; Shane, Scott. "Ex-FEMA Chief Tells of Frustration and Chaos." New York Times. September 15, 2005.
  38. ^ "CNN Transcript: Anderson Cooper 360." CNN. September 1, 2005.
  39. ^ Staff Writer. "Racism, resources blamed for bridge incident." CNN. September 13, 2005.
  40. ^ Staff Writer. "KC Southern Railway reopens Mississippi-Louisiana line." Kansas City Business Journal. September 2, 2005.
  41. ^ Staff Writer. "Bush signs $10.5 billion disaster aid bill." CNN. September 3, 2005.
  42. ^ Roig-Franzia, Manuel; Hsu, Spencer. "Many Evacuated, but Thousands Still Waiting." Washington Post. September 4, 2005.
  43. ^ Goldberg, Jonah. "We're Going West." National Review. September 7, 2005.
  44. ^ Staff Writer. "New Orleans will force evacuations." CNN. September 7, 2005.
  45. ^ Loven, Jennifer; Espo, David. "Dems Assail White House on Katrina Effort." San Francisco Chronicle. September 7, 2005.
  46. ^ Edsall, Thomas B. "Bush Suspends Pay Act In Areas Hit by Storm." Washington Post. September 9, 2005.
  47. ^ News Staff. "FEMA director pulled from hurricane relief." CTV. September 9, 2005.
  48. ^ Staff Writer. "U.S. won't ban media from New Orleans searches." CNN. September 11, 2005.
  49. ^ News Release. "DEQ requests information from railroad companies." Environmental Protection Agency. September 11, 2005.
  50. ^ Staff Writer. "US emergencies chief steps down." BBC News. September 13, 2005.
  51. ^ "Katrina Emergency Tax Relief Act of 2005." Internal Revenue Service. Accessed on April 22, 2006.
  52. ^ New York Times, 15 September 2005

    [edit] September 15, 2005

    President Bush addresses the nation from Jackson Square, New Orleans, outlining many of the steps that the federal government was taking to provide assistance and relief to Katrina victims.<ref>Bush, George W. "[:* President Bush addresses the nation from New Orleans [http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2005/09/20050915-8.html President Discusses Hurricane Relief in Address to the Nation]." ''[[White House]].'' [[September 15]], [[2005]].</li> <li id="_note-48">'''[[#_ref-48|^]]''' Connolly, Ceci. "[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/19/AR2005091900543.html Storm Threat Halts Returns To New Orleans]." ''[[Washington Post]].'' [[September 20]], [[2005]].</li> <li id="_note-49">'''[[#_ref-49|^]]''' Staff Writer. "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4310790.stm New Orleans sacks 3,000 workers]." ''[[BBC News]].'' [[October 5]], [[2005]].</li></ol></ref>

[edit] External links

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