Timeline of Entomology - 1850-1900

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1850

• Edmond de Sélys Longchamps Revue des odonates ou Libellules d'Europe. Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liége 6:1-408.
• Victor Ivanovitsch Motschulsky Die Kaefer Russlands. I. Insecta Carabica. Russian beetles, Carabidae, Moscow: Gautier, published.

1851

• Johann Fischer von Waldheim and Eduard Friedrich Eversmann publish Lepidoptéres de la Russe (vol.5 of Johann Fischer von Waldheim. Entomographia Imperii Rossici. Seminal work on Russian Lepidoptera.
• Louis Agassiz.On the classification of insects from embryological data.Washington, published.
• Francis Walker. Insecta Brittanica Diptera 3 vols. London 1851-6. The characters and synoptical tables of the order by Alexander Henry Haliday made this a seminal work of Dipterology.
• Hans Hermann Behr emigrates from Germany to California.

1852

• Achille Guenée Histoire naturelle des insectes.Species general des Lepidopteres.Paris,1852-1857, published.

1853

• Leopold Heinrich Fischer publishes Orthoptera Europaea. Lipsiae, (Leipzig) G. Engelmann, 1853. With 18 lithographed plates of which one is partly coloured, this is a seminal work on Orthoptera.
• Frederick Smith (entomologist) Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects (7 parts, 1853-1859)

1854

• Jean Theodore Lacordaire, Histoire Naturelle des insectes.Genre des Coleopteres.7 vols published at Paris,1854-1863.
• Carl Ludwig Koch Die pflanzenlause,etc. Nurnburg commenced -completed 1857.
• Ignaz Rudolph Schiner Diptera Austriaca . Aufzahlung aller im Kaiserthum Oesterrich bisher aufgefundenen Zweifluger , 1-4 Verh. Zool. Bot. Ver. Wien. 4-8 263pp.(1854-1858) commenced.
• Émile Blanchard (1819-1900) writes Zoologie agricole où il présente les espèces nuisibles, a work on pest species. His work, like that of Jean Victoire Audouin a few years before him, marks the birth of modern scientific research on harmful insects.
• Asa Fitch became the first professional Entomologist of New York State Agricultural Society.

1855

• Camillo Rondani Dipterologiae Italicae Prodromus 1-5. Parma: Stochi 1146 pp. commenced (completed 1862)
• Eduard Friedrich Eversmann Les Noctuelites de la Russie first volume (completed 1859)
• Henry Tibbats Stainton, Philipp Christoph Zeller, John William Douglas and Heinrich Frey The Natural History of the Tineina 13 volumes, 2000 pages.One of the most significant lepidopterological works of the century-The Natural History of the Tineinae, is a monumental 13 monographic work.

1856

• Baron Carl Robert Osten Sacken became Russian General Counsel in New York.
• Ernest Candèze Monographie of Elateridae (four volumes, Liege, 1857-1863) commenced.

1857

• William Chapman Hewitson 1857-76 Illustrations of New Species of Exotic Butterflies. London, 1857-1861 commenced.

1858

• Henri Louis Frederic de Saussure Mélanges Hyménoptérologiques. 1.67 p., 1 pl – also included in Mémoires de la Société de Genève.
• Ludwig Redtenbacher publishes Fauna Austriaca. Die Käfer, nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet

1859

• Herman von Heinemann Die Schmetterlinge Deutschlands und der Schweiz in English, "Butterflies of Germany and Switzerland". Completed 1877 The second volume on microlepidoptera was especially important.
• Charles Darwin Origin of Species London.Entomologists had differing views of this work.
• Leander Czerny born.
• The Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard founded by Louis Agassiz.
• The Entomological Society of Philadelphia was established. In 1867, it was renamed the American Entomological Society, the earliest national organization in the biological sciences in the United States of America.
• Pierre Millière commenced Iconographie et description de Chenilles et Lépidoptères inéditnot completed until 1874.

His collections of Macrolepidoptera and Pyralidae are in Palais Coburg in Vienna, there are some of his Microlepidoptera in the Natural History Museum, Leiden but the bulk of his Microlepdoptera collection is in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris.

1860

• John Curtis Farm Insects being the natural history and economy of the insects injurious to the field crops of Great Britain and Ireland with suggestions for their destruction Glasgow, Blackie. Seminal work on economic entomology.
• Giovanni Passerini 's Gli afidi con un prospetto dei generi ed alcune specie nuove Italianepublished at Parma
• Theodor Becker born.

1861

• John Lawrence LeConte Classification of the Coleoptera of North America published LeConte was the most important American entomologist of the century.
• Otto Staudinger and Maximilian Ferdinand Wocke Catalog der Lepidopteren Europas
• Carl Gustav Carus Natur und Idee oder das Werdende und sein Gesetz. Eine philosophische Grundlage für die specielle Naturwissenschaft. Wien: Braunmüller.Important science philosophical work.
• Jørgen Matthias Christian Schiødte. De Metamorphosi Eleutheratorum Observationes. Bidrag til Insekterns Udviklingshistorie. Naturhistorisk Tiddsskrift commenced. 13 parts completed 1883. Seminal work on larvae of Coleoptera.

1863

• Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Berge Schmetterlingsbuch Third edition of this 194 page popular classic work with 49 hand-coloured plates. Berge also wrote Käferbuch (1841). This work became an eduring classic. William Forsell Kirby used its 61 plates for his 1889 European Butterflies and moths.It was as B. J. Rebel’s edition of Berge’s Schmetterlingsbuch still a bestseller in 1949 and is now available as a CD.
• Entomological Society of Canada founded.
• Sylvain Auguste de Marseul Catalogue des coléoptères d'Europe et du bassin de la Mediterranée en Afrique et en Asie A. Deyrolle, Paris., published.

1864

• Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe Longicornia Malayana; or a descriptive catalogue of the species of the three longicorn families Lamiidae, Cerambycidae and Prionidae collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace in the Malay Archipelago. Trans.Entomol. Soc. London commenced. This work was finished in 1869
• Alexander Walter Scott, 1864-6 Australian Lepidoptera with their Transformations.A beautifully illustrated (by Harriet and Helena Scott) seminal work of Australian Entomology.

First appearance of the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine in England together with the reappearance of the Entomologist indicates a surge of entomology in England.

• Zoological Record started in London. Continues work of Hagen, but includes taxa other than insects.
• Carl Stål Hemiptera Africana. 1-4, Holmiae, Stockholm. [in Latin, textual descriptions, keys to genera] 1864-1866.
• Frédéric Jules Sichel wrote Catalogus specierum generis Scolia ... an important text on Hymenoptera.

1865

• Alfred Russel Wallace On the Phenomena of Variation and Geographical Distribution as Illustrated by the Papilionidae of the Malayan Region (vol.25 Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond). Seminal biogeographic and evolutionary work essentially laying out the principles of allopatric speciation.
• Cajetan Freiherr von Felder , Rudolf Felder & Alois Freidrich Rogenhofer Fregatte Novara. Lepidoptera. 1-3. commenced.
• Robert Mac Lachlan Trichoptera Britannica; a monograph of the British species of Caddis-flies. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. (3) 5: 1-184
• Samuel Hubbard Scudder An inquiry into the zoological relation of the first discovered traces of fossil neuropterous insects in North America; with remarks on the different structure of wings of living Neuroptera. - Mem. Boston soc. nat. hist., 1: 173-192 1865-1867

1866

• Josef Mik Beitrag zur Dipterenfauna des österreichischen Küstenlandes. Abh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 16:301-310,published.Mik's first work on the Diptera.

1867

• Johannes Winnertz Beitrag zu einer Monographie der Sciarinen. Wien.

1868

• August Emil Holmgren Hymenoptera, species novas descripsit. Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies resa omkring Jordeni under befäl af C.A. Virgen Aren 1851-53. II Zoologi 1 Insecta pp. 391-442 pl. viii.
• Charles Valentine Riley appointed to the office of entomologist of the State of Missouri.

1869

• 1869: Tord Tamerlan Teodor Thorell publishes European Spiders followed, by (in 1870) Synonymy of European Spiders, two outstanding works which are significantly progress the taxonomy of the spiders.
• La Società Entomologica Italiana founded.
• Louis Pandelle Études monographique sur les staphylins européens de la tribu des Tachyporini Erichson. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France.

1870

• Thomas Ansell Marshall Ichneumonidium Brittanicorum Catalogus. London
• Souvenirs entomologiques by Jean-Henri Fabre commenced.

1871

• Enrico Verson (1845-1927) founded the world’s first silkworm experimental station in Italy.

1872

• Ferdinand Heinrich Hermann Strecker Lepidoptera, Rhopaloceres and Heteroceras, Indigenous and Exotic; with Descriptions and Colored Illustrations published.

1874

• Robert Mac Lachlan publishes the first volume of Monographic revision and synopsis of the Trichoptera of the European fauna (two volumes, 1874 et 1880).
• Achille Costa 1874. Fauna Salentina. Tip. Ed. Salentina, Lecce,Italia.

1876

• Augustus Radcliffe Grote published The effect of the glacial epoch upon the distribution of insects in North America.
• Cyrus Thomas appointed state entomologist of Illinois.

1878

• Charles Valentine Riley (1843-1895) organised the first government agricultural entomology service in the United States of America.

1879

• Biologia Centrali-Americanum (1879-1915) commenced by Osbert Salvin and Frederick DuCane Godman This was a 52 volume encyclopedia on the natural history of Central America.
• Adolfo Targioni Tozzetti . Notizie e indicazioni sulla malattia del pidocchio della vite o della fillossera (Phylloxera vastatrix).Roma. Tipografia Eredi Botta

1881

• Matthew Cooke Treatise on the Insects Injurious to Fruit and Fruit Trees of the State of California, and Remedies Recommended for Their Extermination.Sacramento: State Office: J. D. Young, Supt. State Printing, 1881. A pioneering work of American entomology.
• John Henry Comstock became professor of entomology at Cornell University.

1883

• Friedrich Moritz Brauer Die Zweiflügler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. III. Systematische Studien auf Grundlage der Dipteren-Larven. Seminal work of Dipterology.

1886

• Deutsches Entomologisches Institut (DEI, German Entomological Institute) founded.
• Carl Gustav Alexander Brischke published Die Hymenopteren des Bernsteins.
• Mariano de la Paz Graëlls y de la Aguera Entomología Judicial. Rev. Progr.Cienc. Exac. Fís. Nat. Madrid,21:458-471. A founding work of forensic entomology.

1898

• Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine founded,the first of its kind in the world.Between 1898 and 1913 the School despatched 32 expeditions to the tropics, including Sierra Leone, the Congo and the Amazon.

1889

• The Entomological Society of America (ESA) founded.

1890

• Edwin Felix Thomas Atkinson published Catalogue of the Insecta. Order Rhynchota (pars).

1893

• George Francis Hampson published The Lepidoptera Heterocera of Ceylon (1893) as parts 8 and 9 of Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera of the British Museum. He then commenced work on The Fauna of British India, Moths (4 vols 1892-1896).
• William Harris Ashmead publishes Monograph of the North American Proctotrupidae in the Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum

• Philip Powell Calvert publishes Catalogue of the Odonata (dragonflies) of the Vicinity of Philadelphia, with an Introduction to the Study of this Group a model for later regional studies.
• Eleanor Anne OrmerodManual of injurious insects with methods of prevention and remedy for their attacks to food crops, forest trees and fruit: to which is appended a short introduction to entomology published.

1891

• Louis Gabriel d’Antessanty published Catalogue des Hémiptères-Hétéroptères de l'Aube Dufour-Bouquot Plaquette Grand In-8 Broché Troyes.

1894

• Jean Pierre Mégnin publishes La Faune des Cadavres. Applications de l'Entomologie à la Médecine Légale.Corpse Fauna: Application of Entomology to Legal Medicine.Ency-clopedie Scientifique des Aides-Memoires, Masson et Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 214 pp.
• Ferdinand Kowarz 1894 Catalogus insectorum faunae bohemicae. -II. Fliegen (Diptera) published.

1895

• Alpheus Spring Packard First volume of Monograph of the Bombycine Moths of North America was published.(parrs 2 and 3 1905 and 1915).Packard was a vocal proponent of the Neo-Lamarckian theory of evolution.

1897

• Charles E. Woodworth born.
• Charles Thomas Bingham Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera. 1. Wasps and bees published.

1898

• Pater Gabriel Strobl Fauna diptera Bosne, Hercegovine I Dalmacie. Glasn. Zemalj. Muz. Bosni Herceg. 10: 87-466, 562-616. In Serbian this was the first in a series of works on the Diptera af the Balkans.

[edit] See also

• Timeline of Entomology — for a list of other available time periods
• List of entomologists