Timeline of 19th century Muslim history
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[edit] 19th century (1801-1900) (1215 AH – 1318 AH)
- 1803: Shah Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud assassinated by a Shi'a fanatic. Shah Shuja proclaimed as King of Afghanistan.
- 1805: Saud bin Abdul Aziz captured Medina defeating the Ottoman Empire garrison.
- 1804: Othman dan Fodio established Islamic State of Sokoto in Central Sudan.
- 1805: Faraizi movement launched in Bengal. Muhammad Ali appointed Pasha of Egypt by the Ottoman Empire.
- 1806: Khanate of Khiva came into limelight under the rule of Muhammad Rahim Khan.
- 1807: Darqawi sect revolted against Turkish domination. Tunisia repudiated suzerainty of Algeria.
- 1811: Birth of Siyyid Mírzá 'Alí-Muhammad known as the Báb, founder of Bábí movement. British occupied Indonesia.
- 1812: Medina fell to Egyptians.
- 1813: Mecca and Taif captured by Egyptian forces and Saudis expelled from Hejaz.
- 1814: Iran executed treaty of alliance with the British known as the Definitive Treaty. Death of Saud bin Abdul Aziz. King Othman of Tunisia assassinated by his cousin Mahmud.
- 1816: British withdrew from Indonesia restoring it to the Dutch.
- 1817: Birth Of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.
- 1822: Death of Maulay Ismail in Morocco.
- 1827: Malaya became a preserve of the British according to Anglo-Netherland treaty in 1824.
- 1828: Russia declared war against Turkey.
- 1829: Treaty of Adrianople.
- 1830: French forces landed near Algiers and occupied Algeria ending 313 years rule of Turks.
- 1831: Syed Ahmad Barelvi and Shah Ismail leaders of Jihad movement in India fell fighting the Sikhs in Balakot.
- 1832: Turks defeated in the battle of Konya by Egyptian forces. Sayyid Said, King of Oman, shifted his capital to Zanzibar.
- 1834: Abdul Qadir of Algeria recognised as ruler of the area under his control by the French.
- 1839: Defeat of Turkey by the Egyptians in the battle of Nisibin.
- 1840: Quadruple Alliance by the European powers to force Egypt to relinquish Syria. British free occupied Aden.
- 1841: State of Adamawa established by Adams adjacent to Nigeria.
- 1842: Amir Abdul Qadir, ousted from Algeria by the French. He crossed over to Morocco. Shah Shuja assassinated ending the Durrani rule in Afghanistan.
- 1847: Amir Abdul Qadir surrendred to France under the condition of safe conduct to a Muslim country of his choice, but France violated its pledge and sent him as a captive to France.
- 1849: Death of Muhammad Ali of Egypt.
- 1850: The Báb is executed by the Persian government. Táhirih, a renowned poetess and staunch advocate of Bábism also executed.
- 1852: Release of Amir Abdul Qadir by Napoleon III. He settled in Turkey.
- 1857: British captured Delhi and eliminated Mughal rule in India after 332 years. Last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was exiled to Rangoon in Burma. This was also the end of 1000 years of Muslim rule over India.
- 1859: Imam Shamil laid down arms before Russian forces and the Islamic State of Dagestan became a Russian province.
- 1860: Maulay Muhammad defeated by Spain.
- 1861: Death of Sultan Abd-ul-Mejid I of the Ottoman Empire. Overthrow of the Bambara Empire by the Toucouleur Empire.
- 1862: Faraizi movement fizzled out after the death of Dadu Miyan. Overthrow of the Massina Empire by the Toucouleur Empire.
- 1865: Khanate of Kokand liquidated by Russia.
- 1869: Jamal al-Din al-Afghani exiled from Afghanistan. He proceeded to Egypt.
- 1871: Tunisia recognised suzerainty of Turkey through a Firman.
- 1873: Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Khiva made protectorates by Russia.
- 1876: Britain purchased shares of Khediv Ismail in the Suez canal and got involved in Egyptian affairs.
- 1878: Ottoman handed over Cyprus to Britain.
- 1878: Adrianople fell to Russia.
- 1879: Jamal al-Din al-Afghani exiled from Egypt. Treaty of Berlin. Ottoman lost 4/5 th of its territory in Europe.
- 1881: France invaded Tunisia and the Bey acknowledged supremacy of France as a result of the treaty of Bardo. Muhammad Ahmad declared himself Mahdi in northern Sudan.
- 1882: Egypt came under British military occupation.
- 1883: Death of Amir Abdul Qadir in Damascus.
- 1885: Muhammad Ahmad declared free Government of Sudan under his rule. Death of Mahdi Sudani five months after the occupation of Khartoum.
- 1890: End of the Toucouleur Empire.
- 1895: Afghanistan got Wakhan Corridor by an understanding with Russia and British India making Afghan border touch China. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian claimed prophethood.
- 1897: State of Bagirimi occupied by the French.
- 1899: Fall of Muhammad Ahmad's Mahdi State occupied by the British and the Egyptians jointly.
