Thyroglossal cyst
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| ICD-10 | Q89.2 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 759.2 |
| OMIM | 188455 |
| DiseasesDB | 13070 |
| eMedicine | ent/283 |
A thyroglossal cyst is a fibrous cyst that forms from a persistent thyroglossal duct. It usually presents as a painful midline neck lump when it becomes infected. There may be dyspepsia or dysphagia and/or difficulty breathing, especially if the lump becomes large.
The most common locations for a thyroglossal cyst is midline or slightly off midline, between the isthmus of the thyroid and the hyoid bone or just above the hyoid bone. A thyroglossal cyst can develop anywhere along a thyroglossal duct, though cysts within the tongue or in the floor of the mouth are rare.
Women are affected more commonly than men.
A thyroglossal cyst will move upwards with protrusion of the tongue.
Thyroglossal cysts are associated with an increased incidence of ectopic thyroid tissue. Occasionally, a lingual thyroid can be seen as a flattened strawberry-like lump at the base of the tongue.
Very rarely, the persistent duct can become cancerous, called thyroglossal duct carcinoma. In the case of thyroglossal duct carcinoma, the cancerous cells are ectopic thyroid tissue that has been deposited along the thyroglossal duct and usually follows exposure to radiation.
[edit] Treatment
Treatment for an infected thyroglossal cyst is surgical resection, often requiring concomitant removal of the midsection of the hyoid bone.
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