Thomas Joannes Stieltjes
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- This article is about Thomas Joannes Stieltjes (pronounced 'sti:ltʃəs), the mathematician. For his father, the Dutch engineer and politician, see Thomas Joannes Stieltjes Snr.
Thomas Joannes Stieltjes (December 29, 1856 - December 31, 1894) was a Dutch mathematician. He was born in Zwolle and died in Toulouse, France. He was a pioneer in the field of moment problems and contributed to the study of continued fractions.
The Thomas Stieltjes Institute for Mathematics at the University of Leiden is named after him, as is the Riemann-Stieltjes integral.
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[edit] Biography
Stieltjes was born in Zwolle on December 29, 1856. His father (who had the same first names) was a civil engineer and politician. Stieltjes Sr. was responsible for the construction of various harbours around Rotterdam, and also sat in the Dutch parliament. Stieltjes Jr. went to university at the Polytechnical School in Delft in 1873. Instead of attending lectures, he spent his student years reading the works of Gauss and Jacobi - the consequence of this being he failed his examinations. There were 2 further failures (in 1875 and 1876), and his father despaired. His father was friends with H G van de Sande-Bakhuyzen (who was the director of Leiden University, and Stieltjes Jr. was able to get a job as an assistant at Leiden Observatory.
Soon afterwards, Stieltjes began a correspondence with Charles Hermite which lasted for the rest of his life. Stieltjes originally wrote to Hermite concerning celestial mechanics, but the subject quickly turned to mathematics and he began to devote his spare time to mathematical research.
The director of Leiden Observatory, van de Sande-Bakhuyzen, responded quickly to Stieltjes' request on 1 January 1883 to stop his observational work to allow him to work more on mathematical topics. In 1883, he also married his Elizabeth Intveld in May. She also encouraged him to move from astronomy to mathematics. And in September, Stieltjes was asked to substitute at University of Delft for F J van den Berg. From then until December of that year, he lectured on analytical geometry and on descriptive geometry. He resigned his post at the observatory at the end of that year.
In 1884, Stieltjes applied for a chair in Groningen. He was, in the end, disappointed, as he was not appointed due to his lack of mathematical qualifications.
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[edit] Research
Stieltjes worked on almost all branches of analysis, continued fractions and number theory, and for his work, he is sometimes called "the father of the analytic theory of continued fractions".
His work is also seen as important as a first step towards the theory of Hilbert spaces. Other important contributions to mathematics that he made involved discontinuous functions and divergent series, differential equations, interpolation, the gamma function and elliptic functions.
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[edit] Awards
Stieltjes' work on continued fractions earned him the Ormoy Prize of the Académie des Sciences.
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[edit] See also
- Lebesgue-Stieltjes integral
- Laplace-Stieltjes transform
- Riemann-Stieltjes integral
- Stieltjes moment problem
[edit] External links
- O'Connor, John J., and Edmund F. Robertson. "Thomas Joannes Stieltjes". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.
