Thomas Hutchins
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Thomas Hutchins (1730 – April 28, 1789) was a Military Engineer, Cartographer, Geographer and Surveyor.
Born in Monmouth County, New Jersey, by the age of 30, Thomas Hutchins was an experienced frontiersman, a veteran of the French and Indian War, and a skilled Indian agent. He was best known, however, as a formidable surveyor, cartographer, and geographer.
These particular combination of skills made Hutchins the perfect candidate for surveying the vast western regions of the British North American empire. In 1766, he was officially assigned to duty as an engineer in the British army, gradually becoming the most respected surveyor and map maker in the colonies. From 1764 through 1768, he took part in expeditions spanning the west from the northern reaches of the Mississippi Valley to New Orleans, and in 1770, was transferred from the Illinois territory to Pensacola, where he was charged with reorganizing the provincial defenses and mapping.
As Bernard Romans was engaged in mapping West Florida, Hutchins compiled maps, charts, and intelligence reports to create a comprehensive picture of the physical geography of the entire region, even offering a plan to take New Orleans, should the opportunity arise. With the outbreak of the war in 1776, he may have thought his chance had come. Having speculated in southern lands for years, he now angled to instill himself as the chief engineering officer in the Gulf south, but in 1779, letters to Hutchins from an expatriate American associate, Samuel Wharton, were intercepted by British agents and interpreted as treasonous. Hutchins was imprisoned for seven weeks, and even after being acquitted, his military career was ended.
In some desperation, Hutchins acted "out the treason with which he had been slandered." Approaching Benjamin Franklin, he took an oath of loyalty to the United States and in May 1781, accepted the post of Geographer of the United States (see Department of the Geographer to the Army, 1777-1783), assigned to duty in the south. In hopes of raising funds, he published a version of the reports he had prepared for the British ten years before, issuing it as an historical narrative and topographical description of Louisiana, and West-Florida.
In 1788, Hutchins became immersed in one of the several late eighteenth century cabals seeking to wrest control of Louisiana. Hoping to revitalize the colony for Spain, he was prepared to renounce his citizenship to become surveyor general. However he died from pneumonia in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania before his plans came to fruition.
In 1783, Hutchins received the Copley Medal from the Royal Society for "his Experiments to ascertain the point of Mercurial Congelation." (This last bit of information is incorrect. The Thomas Hutchins (1742?-1790) who received the Copley Medal in 1783 was a surgeon for the Hudson's Bay Company from 1766-1773. For a biography of this person, see Stuart Houston, Tim Ball, and Mary Houston, Eighteenth-Century Naturalists of Hudson Bay (2003), 66-78.)
The bulk of this biography was provided by the American Philosophical Society
