Thomas Corwin Mendenhall
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Thomas Corwin Mendenhall (October 4, 1841 – March 23, 1924) was an autodidact US physicist and meteorologist.
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[edit] Life
Mendenhall was born in Hanoverton, Ohio, and married Susan Allan Marple in 1870. Though he never attended or graduated college, he was teaching at Columbus Central High School by 1861 and, though he lacked a conventional academic formation, was appointed professor of physics and mechanics at Ohio State University in 1873, the first member of the original faculty.
In 1878, on the recommendation of Edward S. Morse, he was recruited to help the modernisation of Meiji Era Japan as one of the o-yatoi gaikokujin (hired foreigners). Serving as visiting professor at the University of Tokyo, he helped develop the government's meteorological service. During his time in Japan, he also gave public lectures on scientific topics.
Returning to Ohio in 1881, Mendenhall was instrumental in developing the state meteorological service before becoming professor at the US Signal Corps in 1884. Resigning in 1886, Mendenhall took up the presidency of the Rose Polytechnic Institute in Terre Haute, Indiana before becoming superintendent of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1889. During his time as superintendent, he issued the Mendenhall Order and oversaw the consequent transition of the USA's weights and measures from the customary system, based on that of England, to the metric system. He was also responsible for defining the exact national boundary between the USA and Canada. Mendenhall was president of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute from 1894 until 1901 when he emigrated to Europe. He served as president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1889.
Mendenhall proposed the ring pendulum as a means of measuring gravity and also worked in the fields of seismology and atmospheric electricity.
He returned to the US in 1922 and died in Ravenna, Ohio.
[edit] Work on stylometry
In 1901 Mendenhall published one of the earliest attempts at stylometry, the quantitative analysis of writing style. Prompted by a suggestion made by the English mathematician Augustus de Morgan in 1851, Mendenhall attempted to characterise the style of different authors via the frequency distribution of words of different length. After extracting the relevant statistics from published works, he applied his "word spectra" methods to a comparison of the works of Shakespeare and Sir Francis Bacon. He found that the results did not support long-standing claims that Bacon was the true "Bard of Avon" writing under the pseudonym of "Shakespeare". It has however since been shown by Williams (see below) that Mendenhall failed to take into account genre differences that could invalidate his conclusions.
[edit] Honours
- Honorary Ph.D. from Ohio, (1878);
- Member of the National Academy of Sciences, (1887);
- LL.D. from the University of Michigan, (1887);
- The Mendenhall Valley and glacier in Juneau, Alaska was named for him in (1892).
- The Mendenhall Laboratory on the campus of Ohio State University is also named in his honor.
[edit] Bibliography
[edit] Works by Mendenhall
- Mendenhall, T. C. (1887) A Century of Electricity
[edit] Works by others
- Williams, C. B. (1975) Mendenhall's Studies of Word-Length Distribution in the Works of Shakespeare and Bacon. Biometrika. 62 1, 207-212
- Hebra, A. & Hebra, A. J. (2003) Measure for Measure: The Story of Imperial, Metric, and Other Units ISBN 0-8018-7072-0
- Mendenhall, T. C. (Jr.) (1989) American Scientist in Early Meiji Japan: The Autobiographical Notes of Thomas C. Mendenhall ISBN 0-8248-1177-1
